广州小升初专题:语音基础知识
知识点一、(语音基础知识)
1、音标定义:音标就是英语语音的一个重要方面,每一个音标就是一个音素。
2、语音定义:语音就是英语的发音。
3、12个单元音,6个双元音;11个清辅音和7个浊辅音。
具体的分类请看下面:
①12个单元音:[i:] [i] [u:] [u] [ə:] [ə] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [æ] [e] [ɑ:] [ʌ]
6个双元音:[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] [ɛə] [iə] [uə]
②11个清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h]
17个浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [l] [m] [n] [ŋ] [j] [w] [r]
注意:① 单元音中的前8个,从[i:]到[ɔ],前后两个分别是长元音和短元音。
② 清辅音和浊辅音前面10个分别是对应的。
4、辅音字母及其组合的发音规则。
【典型例题】
⑴ th [θ] thin, thank, Thursday, math
[ð] this, that, those, clothes
⑵ wh [w] who, whose, whole, whom
[h] why, what, where, white
⑶ sh [ʃ] shoulder, sheep, ship, shop
⑷ ch [tʃ] cheap, chair, chip, check
⑸ ph [f] phone, elephant, photo, telephone
⑹ qu [kw] queen, quite, quiet, quit, queue
⑺ ts [ts] streets, meets, hits, let’s, what’s
⑻ ds [dz] beds, seeds
5、音素含义:音素是表示英语单词发音的符号。
⑴英语一共有48个音素,分为元音音素(20个),和辅音音素(28个)
⑵注意:字母被分为元音字母和辅音字母,是不同于元音音素和辅音音素的。
⑶元音音素根据其构成方式又可分为单元音(12个)和双元音(6个)。
⑷辅音音素根据其在发音时声带是否振动又可分为清辅音(11个)和浊辅音(17个)。
三、教学练习
1、语音知识 : 10分(2011年真题)
广州小升初( ) ⑴ A. yet B. yes C. cry D. silly
( ) ⑵ A. early B. hear C. near D. ear
( ) ⑶ A. mended B. invited C. called D. arrived
( ) ⑷ A. choose B. chess C. watch D. chemistry
( ) ⑸ A. key B. keep C. wine D. west
( ) ⑹ A. wash B. fat C.about D. after
( ) ⑺ A. fact B.cut C. cost D. ceiling
( ) ⑻ A. above B. moment C. to D. opposite
( ) ⑼ A. trip B. trick C. tree D. metre
( ) ⑽ A. see B. best C. discover D. miss
2、语音知识(10%)(2010年真题)
A) 出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的词。(5%)
( )⑴ any A. make B. factory C. many D. wash
A) 出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的词。(5%)
( )⑴ any A. make B. factory C. many D. wash
( )⑵ often A. soldier B. come C. kilo D. borrow
( )⑶ football A. food B. look oom oon
( )⑷ throw A. Thursday B. then C.there D. other
( )⑸ exercise A. close B. rice C. Canada D. coloured
B)指出划线部分读音部分不同于其他三个词。(5%)
( )⑹ A. stay B. say C. today D. Sunday
( )⑺ A. today B. tomorrow C. factory D. love
( )⑻ A. great B. leave C. cheap D. speak
( )⑼ A. half B. all C. talk D. ball
( )⑽ A. lunch B. machine C. teach D. French
( )⑶ football A. food B. look oom oon
( )⑷ throw A. Thursday B. then C.there D. other
( )⑸ exercise A. close B. rice C. Canada D. coloured
B)指出划线部分读音部分不同于其他三个词。(5%)
( )⑹ A. stay B. say C. today D. Sunday
( )⑺ A. today B. tomorrow C. factory D. love
( )⑻ A. great B. leave C. cheap D. speak
( )⑼ A. half B. all C. talk D. ball
( )⑽ A. lunch B. machine C. teach D. French
四、教学总结
五、教学拓展
元音字母组合的发音规则。
【典型例题】
⑴[ei] ai wait, rain, paint, train
ay say, play, today, May
⑵[ai] y cry, try, fly, spy
igh high, flight, light, night
⑶[əu] ow window, yellow, snow, grow, know
oa coat, boat, goat, road
⑷[uə] oor poor
ure sure
⑸[ɛə] air air, hair, chair, stair
ear bear, wear, swear, pear
⑹[iə] ear ear, hear, dear, near
eer deer, cheer, beer
六、布置作业
1、语音 (0.5×20=10分)
A) 出划线部分读音与众不同的词。(2007年真题)
⑴ A. fast B. stamp C. glass D. dark
⑵ A. fight B. decide C. sick D. wide
⑶ A. mistake B. hand C. travel D. Japan
⑷ A. friendly B. believe C. field D. piece
⑸ A. borrow B. flower C. below D. slow
⑹ A. weather B. meat C. bread D. head
⑺ A. short B. horse C. worth D. forty
⑻ A. luck B. much C. full D. but
⑼ A. mean B. pleasure C. season D. leave
⑽ A. earth B. early C. learn D. heart
B) 出与所给得词划线部分读音相同的词。
⑴ earth A. heart B. learn C. wear D. near
⑵ brown A. down B. know C. row D. yellow
⑶ foot A. moon B. choose C. wood D. school
⑷ better A. even B. be C. wet D. evening
⑸ fly A. fifty B. satisfy C. physics D. duty
⑹ where A. here B. there C. were D. clear
⑺ hen A. seven B. eleven C. enjoy D. west
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