议论，话题类作文
一、锦囊妙计
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种体裁，它主要用于剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，提出主张，作者可以通过摆事实，讲道理，直接表达作者的观点。笔者认为话题作文和议论文有重复之处，但还有一些是关于学校或社会存在的某些现象及焦点问题，要求学生表明见解，进行论述。在此期中笔者将二者不予以划分，只侧重于议论文在技术形式及内容上的点拨，“以篇盖全”，从中掌握二者的共性。我认为在写议论文时，应注意以下几点:
1. 条理要清晰，观点明确。
2. 注意运用基本的论据来阐明观点，同时切记用5句话表达全文。
3. 上下文要连接自然，适当运用连词，副词，短语等来衔接句子。
4. 注意时态，议论文形式还是以现在时为主。
通常议论文的考试形式大致分为三个方面；
（1）对立观点式；（2）批驳观点式；（3）现象评论式；（话题类）
三，实战演练及解析
1.[抛砖引玉]
广州市政府2007年1月16日，通过了在广州市中山大道（从天河到下远段）建一条公交快车道的决议，这将使天河至岗顶的车速提高三倍，并且公交快车系统的23条线路将在2010亚运会前全市采用，这个决议在广州市民中产生强大的反响。请根据以下提示，就其利弊谈
谈自己的观点。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，就其利弊谈谈自己的观点，文章的开头已经给出。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
参考词汇：公交快车系统the bus rapid transit system (BRT system)
According to the Guangzhou government Office, the bus rapid transit (BRT) system will be piloted on Zhongshan Road (from Tianhe intersection to Xiayuan Section) this year. The BRT system will be adopted throughout the city before the 2010 Asian Games, said Mayor Zhang Guangning.
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2. [试题分析]
此题为议论文，从文中提示来看，我们必须从利弊两方面论述，符合对立观点的题型。所以文章条理一定要清晰，论点简明扼要的提出，论据要表达完整。可以选择一些表示对比，转折的连词及句型。时态很明显要用现在时。
3.[参考范文]
According to the Guangzhou government Office, the bus rapid transit (BRT) system will be piloted on Zhongshan Road (from Tianhe intersection to Xiayuan Section) this year. The BRT system will be adopted throughout the city before the 2010 Asian Games, said Mayor Zhang Guangning. Many people hold the opinion that the advantage of BRT system far outweighs the disadvantages, because it shows concern for common passengers. What’s more, the performance of BRT system will surely speed up the ride and save much time. Last but not least, it will definitely bring about a great advance of public buses and also reduces air pollution. However, some people hold the opposite opinion that BRT system may give rise to a lot of problems, such as more people needed to manage the traffic. What’s worse, it is inconvenient for people to cross motor and bicycle lanes when getting off the buses.
4. [范文点评]
1）文中恰当地运用了转折，并列的连词，副词，上下衔接自然，如：what’s more；last but not least; however; what’s worse…
2）多种句型表达方式，同位语从句；原因状语从句；形式主语句式等…如：…hold the
opinion (opposite opinion) that…; it is convenient for people to ….
3）文章观点主题句与论据分类清晰，层次分明。如：Many people hold the opinion that the advantage of BRT system far outweighs the disadvantages…… However, some people hold the opposite opinion that BRT system may give rise to a lot of problems,(观点主题句)
三，举一反三
[习作１]
假如你是一位导游。通过观察游客的行为变化，说明大众环保意识日益增强。请根据下
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈这一现象，文章的开头已经给出。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
With the time on, there is an increasing tendency that more and more tourists have been paying greater attention to environment protection._____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
【试题答案1】
With the time on, there is an increasing tendency that more and more tourists have been paying greater attention to environment protection. However, several years ago, as we know, in the places of interest some tourists threw away rubbish here and there, such as plastic bags, waste paper, tins and
so on. Besides, some of them climbed the trees, picked flowers freely and even marked their names on the plants. What’s worse, some of them lacked the sense of safety and smoked in the forest, by which the forest fire was caused. To our delight, in the recent years, great changes have taken place among the tourists who will take away rubbish with them when they leave. What’s more, they care the plants a lot and the smokers don’t smoke in the forest in order not to start fire.
[习作2]
今年，北京等大城市由禁放鞭炮改为限放。中央电视台《东方时空》栏目2月9日播出“时空调查：过年你放鞭炮了吗？”并且联合新浪网做了一个调查，结果是：1、放了的占80.16% 2、没放的占19.84% ，中国人都喜欢用燃放烟花爆竹迎接中国年，可是不可否认的是，对于“禁放烟花爆竹”的争议却从来没有断过。请你根据以下调查结果阐明燃放鞭炮的利弊。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，就其利弊谈谈自己的观点，文章的开头已经给出。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
As we know Beijing banned setting off fireworks in 1994. After 12 silent Spring Festivals, Beijing regained a gorgeous festival eve which was decorated with splendid fireworks and livened up with firecracker clacks. However, there is still a heated discussion whether we should ban fireworks or not in the city.___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. 【试题答案2】
As we know Beijing banned setting off fireworks in 1994. After 12 silent Spring Festivals, Beijing regained a gorgeous festival eve which was decorated with splendid fireworks and livened up with firecracker clacks. However, there is still a heated discussion whether we should ban fireworks or not in the city.
According to the recent survey, there are 80.16% of people who support our Chinese traditional way to celebrate China New Year. They think setting off fireworks can certainly add pleasure and joy to the festival and it can bring more traditional colors in the modern era. However, 19.84 % of people think that setting off fireworks can cause air and noise pollution. What’s worse, it sometimes causes terrible accidents to us and to our poverty. And it is very common that every year many people got injured by setting off the fireworks carelessly.
[习作3]
2006年8月21日，上海日报登载了这样一条消息，上海将从中学开始进行教科书的循环使用，首先适用的教材是音乐书籍，以后其他科目也逐渐实行循环制度。请根据此消息，写一篇对此现象赞同的文章，认为毕业的学生应把课本六给下一界使用。你的理由是：1．可以节省资源，减少浪费。
2．书上的笔记有利用价值。
3．国外已经有先例，已经有成功的做法。
4．保护环境，减少大量树木的砍伐。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，要有标题。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
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【试题答案3】
Recycling Textbooks is a Good Suggestion
According to the latest news from Shanghai, we know that textbook recycling plan will take off in Shanghai, which is really beneficial to our students. First of all, recycling textbooks can save a lot of natural resources, which are used to make the textbooks. It can also contribute to the environmental protection, and save a lot of trees from it. What’s more, we can take good advantage of the useful notes on the pages. For another thing, many countries have set us a successful example by recycling the textbooks, such as Australia.
[习作4]
2005年春夏季中国主流报纸十大流行语”7月18日在京发布，其中“高考移民”位列综合类十大流行语之第
八位，可见“高考移民”已超出其现象本身而成为一个被广泛关注的社会问题……，高考即将在即，每年总有一些考生设法从录取分数教高的省份转到其他省份参加高考，请你根据以下提示语，对此现象提出反驳的观点。
在一个地方受教育，就应与在同样教育水平下的学生进行竞争，到教育薄弱地区去参加高考竞争，对当地学生不公平，严重侵害了当地考生的合法权益；高考移民滋生了教育腐败；同时移民高生也将面临随时取消考试成绩的危险。
[写作内容]
1）请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，要有标题。
2）文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整和连贯。
作文话题
参考词汇：移民考生migrating test-takers
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【试题答案4】
In recent years, the phenomenon has become a heated topic that many migrating test-takers move from high-scoring provinces to other areas to enter for the College Entrance Exams. Obviously, there are more disadvantages than advantages in this way. First of all, test-takers from highly-developed areas create an unfair situation for local students, because the former students have more chances to get higher educations. What’s more, it will have a negative influence on the educational system. Meanwhile we cannot ignore the result that most probably the migrating test-takers will face the situation that his score of the entrance exam will be cancelled.