Shenyang Imperial Palace
（一）
Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and Huangtaiji. After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10times and enlarged its area and added its buildings. They were Emperor Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang. Therefore, until 1783 the palace was finally finished. Qing Dynasty set up by Manchurians is the last feudal dynasty in China. Man is one of 56 minorities in China. Shenyang is regarded as the birthplace of Manchurians.
沈阳故宫，始建于1625年，建成于1636年，是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿，距今已有360多年的历史。清朝入主中原之后，有四位清朝皇帝（他们是康熙、乾隆、嘉庆和道光）先后10次从北京回到此地祭祖，扩大面积增加建筑等。因此，直到1783年沈阳故宫才最终建完。由满族人始建的清朝是中国的最后一代封建王朝。满族是中国56个少数民族之一，沈阳被认为是满族的发源地。
（二）
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of two royal palaces well kept in China. The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing. Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled ‘Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings’ in 1961 by the State Council. It was the political and cultural center of the northeastern area when Qing Dynasty ruled China and serves as the best evidence to study the social status, construction style and folklore custom of early Qing Dynasty. This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectural styles of the minorities of Man, Han and Mongolia.
沈阳故宫是中国现存两座古代帝王宫殿之一，另一座即是北京紫禁城。沈阳故宫于1961年被国务院赋予为“保存完好的历史文化名建筑”。自清朝统治中国以来，它是中国东北地区的政治文化中心，也是研究清朝初期社会状况、建筑结构和风土民俗的最佳见证。
（三）
This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters, comprising over 20 courtyards, 300 houses and 70 buildings. Geographically speaking, the whole construction is divided into three sections : the east, middle and west. The east section was set up first and its main buildings are Great Affairs Hall (Dazhengdian) and Ten Princes Pavilions (Shiwangting), Grand Qing Gate, Great Administriation Hall(Congzhendian), Phoenix Tower and Purity and Tranqulilty Hall(Qingninggong) consist of the middl
e section. The west section was built last, including Theater Platform, Good Descendant-benefiting Hall(Jiayintang), Book Source Pavilion(Wensuoge) and Prosperity Admiration Study(Yangxizhai), which were all
added by the later emperors.
沈阳故宫现占地面积6万多平方米，包括20多座院落、300座房子和70座建筑物。故宫分为东路、中路和西路三部分。东路是最先建的，主要建筑包括大政殿和十王亭；中路由大清门、崇政殿、翔凤阁和清宁宫组成；西路是最后建的，有戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，这些都是后来皇帝东巡时修建的。
（四）
First let’s pay a visit to the building in the middle section. The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards. The first courtyard is the office area. It starts from the Grang Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall. From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area. They all lay out the same line.
首先，让我们参观中路建筑整体布局与中式三进院落相似。第一进院落是办公区，南面是大清门，最里面是崇政殿。从凤翔阁到清宁宫是就寝区，这些都排列在一条中轴线上。
（五）
The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate, also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of heaven and the palace should be the center of universe. Therefore the gate was named Meridian Gate. Outside of the Grand Qing Gate are Civil Virtues Tablet(Wendifang) on the east and Military Virtues Tablet(Wugongfang) on the west. The Grand Qing Gate was built in 1632 and it was the place where the civilian officials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily. The special feature of the gate is the tile color. They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders, for the Manchurians liked the sharp contract of different colors. Yellow symbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains. The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.
进入沈阳故宫的正门是大清门，俗称午门，因为皇帝自认为是天子，皇宫就应该是宇宙的中心，因此该门被命名为午门。午门外东侧是文帝房，西侧是武功房。大清门建于1632年，是文官武将每日上朝的地方。大清门的特别之处是瓦的颜，黄琉璃瓦镶嵌绿边，因为满族人喜欢不同颜的撞。黄代表大地和皇权，而绿象征大海和山脉。它们的结合就意味着永久统治地球上的广大区域。
（六）
The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple(Taimiao) with yellow tile roof, where Nuerhachi’s descendants offered sacrifices to their ancestors for blessings. Since Northeast China was where Manchurians originated and where their ancestors were buried, the later emperors paid higher attention to this area and often came here for inspection. Once they came, they would stay in the old palace and burned joss
sticks to offer sacrifices to ancestors here, so Ancestor Temple is the most important in Shenyang Imperial Palace.
大清门东侧的建筑物是黄琉璃瓦屋顶的太庙，这是努尔哈赤子孙向祖先祭祀求福的地方。因为东北是满族发源地也是其祖先陵寝之地，因此其后代皇帝高度重视这个地方，经常来此东巡。东巡驻跸期间都在这里举行谒陵礼成庆典，所以太庙是故宫最重要的地方。
（七）
Please follow me into the gate. This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion(Feilongge) and Flying Phoenix Pavilion(Xiangfengge) on each side. The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military, administrative affairs in early Qing Dynasty and had witnessed many national ceremonies. Flyi
ng Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.
请跟随我进门。中间这条小路连着大清门和崇政殿，两侧分别是飞龙阁和凤翔阁，崇政殿是沈阳故宫中路的主要建筑，它是清朝初期军事、政务中心，并见证了许多国家大典。飞龙阁和凤翔阁是存放乐器的地方。
（八）
Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji’s office, built in 1632. this hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies on great occasions. For example, Emperpr Huangtaiji was enthroned in 1636 here. In 1644 Huangtaiji chose Beijing as his capital and after that the later emperor managed national affairs here when they came back to Shenyang visiting their ancestors’ mausoleum（[ˌmɔ:səˈli:əm]）. In front of the hall are Rigui and Jialing, which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.
崇政殿是皇太极的理政之处，建于1632年，过去常常用于举行皇帝登基大典，例如，1636年皇太极就在此登基。1644年皇太极选择北京作为建都，之后历代皇帝回沈阳祭陵时就在此处理国事。大殿正前方是日晷和嘉量，古代的测量工具，象征着国家的统一和强盛。
（九）
Behind Holy Administration Hall to the north is the section courtyard. It’s also a passage to the rear chambers. On each side are two buildings, which were used as studies and chambers by the later emperors.
崇政殿向北是第二进院落，它也是去后面会客厅的通道，通道两侧有两个建筑物，是后来皇帝的书房和会客厅。
In ancient construction, office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear. Since we have visited the place where the Emperors worked and now we’ll pay a visit to the place where empresses and concubines lived. Here is the Phoenix Tower. This
tower is a pavilion-type structure with three upturned eaves and glazed tiles. It served as an entrance to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines, and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally. The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall. It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time. Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight Fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.
在古代建筑中，办公区经常在前面，居住区在后面。我们已经参观完皇帝理政的地方，现在我们去参观皇帝和嫔妃居住的地方。这个是凤翔阁，这是由三面倒挂的屋檐和琉璃瓦组成的亭式塔楼，它是通向后
面会客厅的入口，也是皇太极和他的嫔妃们娱乐的地方，经常在这里举行一些聚会或者家宴。它建在3.8米高的青砖台基上，当时是沈阳最高的建筑。凤楼晓日是沈阳著名的八大迷人景区之一。
Look upward, we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower, on which Emperor Qianglong inscribed ‘Ziqidonglai’, which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated from Shengjing, the old name for Shenyang to the east. There are 24 staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal division points in Chinese lunar calendar. Behind the tower are five chambers. In Shenyang Imperial Palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden City in Beijing.
请向上面看，我们能看到高悬的凤翔阁的金字横匾，上面是乾隆皇帝御笔“紫气东来”，寓意是北京的清王朝从东方盛京（沈阳的旧称）而来。有24级台阶通向凤翔阁，代表中国农历24个不同节气。凤翔阁后面是5个寝宫。在沈阳故宫，寝宫要比一般殿高，这正好和北京紫禁城的建筑风格相反。
Walking through the tower are the rear chambers. The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall, which was prepared for emperor and empress. The other four lying on both sides were for concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the first from the east was where Huangtaiji and his empress lived. The other four rooms w
ere for emperor offering sacrifices to their God. In early Qing Dynasty, the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house, zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground. The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door opened in the middle. In Purity and Tranquility Hall the door was opened in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag. The zigzag beds, made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called ‘kang’ in Chinese and were made along the south, west and north house walls. In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter. This was the early stage of underground heating system. Besides offering sacrifices inside room, the emperor also did it outside. Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard. This red pole is called Suolun Pole, or Holy Pole. Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.
穿过阁楼就是后面的寝宫。北面正中间的是清宁宫，这是皇帝和皇后的寝宫，其它
四个分立两侧的是嫔妃寝宫。它们现在仍保持原貌。清宁宫有5个房间，东起第一个是皇太极和皇后居住，其它四个房间是皇帝祭神的地方。在清朝初期，建筑结构基本是这样的：“口袋房、万字床、烟囱出在地面上”。主建筑与其他建筑不同，有一个中间开的门。清宁宫东屋墙上开门，其它房间像袋子一样被连接起来。万字床，是用泥和砖砌成，里面有火和烟通过的通道，在中文中被叫做“炕”，沿着房屋的南墙、西墙或北墙建，在冬季为取暖用，这是早期的地下加热系统。除了在室内祭神外，皇帝也在室外祭
祀，请看院子中间矗立的杆子，这个红杆子叫索伦杆，也叫神杆，杆顶圆形锡斗里面装满喂乌鸦用的杂粮。
Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines. Concubine Chen’s and Shu’s chambers are on the east of Hall of Purity and Tranquility. Concubine Gui’s and Concubine Zhuang’s chambers are on the west.
皇太极有四个嫔妃，陈妃和舒妃的寝宫在清宁宫的东侧，桂妃和张妃的在西侧。
The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility Hall from the ground with 11 layers, representing the 11 emperors form Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi. There are 3 bricks on the top of the chimney. This chimney was the highest one at that time. In Chinese, the sound of chimney ‘tong’ is same as that of unity.
清宁宫后面拔地而起的唯一的烟囱有11层，代表从皇太极到末代皇帝溥仪的11位皇帝。烟筒上面有3块砖，该烟囱曾经是最高的建筑物，在汉语中，烟筒的发音与统一发音相同。
To the north further is rear courtyard called Y uhua Garden, the place where service was offered.
再往北走，是御花园。
On each side of Great Affairs Hall and Holy Administration Hall are East Chamber, where emperor’s dowager lived and West Chamber, where emperor, empresses and prices lived. 大政殿和勤政殿两侧是东寝，皇帝遗孀居住，西寝是皇子居住
After visiting the middle section of the palace, we come to the eastern section. Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall, flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions. The layout represents the special feature of early Manchurian royal compound. This structure takes the form of octagonal shape with a round pointed top. In front of the hall, there are two dragon columns curved with golden dragons, commonly known as two dragon toying with pearls. This part was built in 1625, and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace. Great Administration Hall is the place where emperor Nuerhachi and Huangtaiji conducted grand ceremonies and handled state affairs.
Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides, representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system. Now please look at the ten pavilions, five on each沈阳故宫导游词
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