高中英语被动语态总结
一、需要使用被动语态的情况
在以下情况常需要使用被动语态：
1.
讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不用说出动作的执行者
(这时可省  by 短语 )英语时态总结。
My bike was stolen last night.
2.
借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）
二、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态平时为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1)am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时
2)has /have been done现在完成时
3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4)was/were done 一般过去时
5)had been done 过去完成时
6)was/were being done 过去进行时
7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
8)should/would be done 过去将来时
9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）
2.被动语态的特别结构形式
1)带神情动词的被动结构：神情动词＋  be＋过去分词。
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词能够有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，能够把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语依旧保留在谓语后边。平时变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其他不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette可.改为 The boy was caught smoking
a cigarette.
4) 在使役动词  have, make, get以及感官动词    see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe
等后边不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式    to 要省略，但变为被动结构
时，要加 to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was seen to

1

walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物  的    ，如 “  ＋介  ”，“  ＋副  ”等，也能够用于被  构， 但要把它 看作一个整体， 不能够分开。 其中的介 或副 也不能够省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非    的被  的构成
1). 不定式一般式的被  。由    “ to be+ 去分  ”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do.她要求 她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak他.是最后被邀  言的人。
2). 不定式完成式的被  。由    “ to have been+ 去分  ”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier.我本想 人把 果早点告 我
的。
3). 在分 一般式的被  。由    “ being+ 去分  ”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看 有人把他 走了。
Being protected by a wall， he felt quite safe. 有 作保 ，他感觉很安全。
4). 在分 完成式的被  。由  “ having been+ 去分 ”构成。如： Having been invited to spea,I ’ll start making preparations tomorrow.
因 邀 我去  ，我明天就得做准 。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it.
  已 开始了，他不得不 下去。
5). 名 一般式的被  。由    “ being+ 去分  ”构成。如：
He hates being made a fool of. 他  被 人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 个  没解决。
6). 名 完成式的被  。由    “ having been+ 去分  ”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.
杰妮没受 舞蹈的    是她感觉 憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town， I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把 开出城的指令后，我开始信心实足了。
注： 去分 没有被 式，因 它自己能够表示被 意 。如：
The door remained locked. 依旧 着
三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他近似句型
一些表示“  ”或“相信”等的  如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等能够用于句型“ It ＋be＋ 去分 ＋ that 从句”或“ 主 ＋ be＋ 去分 ＋ to do sth. ”。
It is said that 据⋯ ， It is reported that 据 ⋯道， It is believed that 大家⋯相信，It is hoped that 大家⋯希望，It is well known that 众所⋯周知，It is thought that ⋯ 大家  ， It is suggested that 据建⋯ 。
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam（.＝ The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） .
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义