介词
二、用于表示时间介词
1 at, in, on用于表示年、月、日或某一时刻
(1)at用于表示时间某一点。
Classes begin at eight. 八点开始上课They usually have supper at six.他们通常六点钟吃晚饭。
(2)on用于表示某日,某日上、下午。
Something terrible happened on September 11, 2001.2001年9月11日发生了恐怖事件。
They still have classes on Saturday.他们在星期六仍然上课。
例如:on Sunday 在星期日
on Saturday morning 在周六早晨
(3)in用于表季节、年、月,还可泛指早晨、下午和晚上。
below反义词例如:in summer在夏季;  in 1992 在一九九二年; in May在五月
  in the morning  在上午          in the evening  在晚上注意:①泛指上、下午和晚上时,用in;特指某一日上、下午或 晚上,用 on
in the evening 在晚上        on Sunday evening 在周日晚上
②在this, last, next, every等词之前不可以再加任何介词。
this evening 今晚,that morning 那天早晨  last Monday 上周一,next year 明年
every week 每星期,every spring 每年春天
2 before, after用于表示时间前后
before:表示“在……之前” (可作介词,也可作连词)
Susan went to school before seven this morning.
苏姗今天早晨不到七点就上学去了。(作介词)
We must move these boxes into the house before it rains.
我们必须在下雨之前,把这些箱子搬到房子里面去。(before作连词)
after:表示“在……之后”
Come to my office after class. 下课以后,到我办公室来一趟。(作介词)
Mr. White often goes out for a walk after supper. 怀特先生经常晚饭后出去散步。(作介词)
Let's go home together after the meeting is over. 开完会以后咱们一块儿回家。(after作连词)
3 by, until(till)用于表示期限
by:表示“在……前(指时间)”;“到……”
How many lessons had you learned by the end of last week?到上周末,你们学了多少课了?
I had not got anything to eat by then.在那以前,我没有吃任何东西。
until(till):表示“直到……才……”
I didn't fall asleep until two o'clock last night.我昨夜里直到两点钟才睡着觉。
His father didn't join the Party until 1990.他父亲一直到1990年才入党。
You may wait here for me until I come back.你要在这里等着我‘直到我回来。(until是连词)
注意:①until与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时,须用否定句表示;而与延续动词连用,用肯定式。
My father didn't buy me a bike until last week.(buy为点动词,所以用否定式)
我父亲直到上个星期才给我买了辆自行车。
You can keep this book till next month.这本书你可以借到下个月。(keep延续动词,用肯定式)
②until与till可通用,并可以作连词使用,而by不能作连词。
4 for, during, through用于表示期间(多长时间)
for:表示“经过多久”,多与完成时连用,也可用于一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。
She has stayed here for half an hour.她已经在这里呆了半小时了。
I will be with you at the airport for a little while.我和你在机场只能呆一小会儿。
during:在……期间
What are you going to do during the holidays?放假期间你打算做什么?
He lost his right leg during the war.战争期间他失去了右腿。
提示:for的后面常接表示天数、时间等等数字名词;而 during 之后不能接表示数字名词。
through:一直……(指时间从始至终)
People there always play Majzang through the night.那里人老是通宵打麻将牌。
They live and work there through the whole year.他们整年工作和居住在那里。
5 from since
from:从……时候起
from常与to构成词组,表示“从……开始到……结束”; She was waiting for you here from eight to ten yesterday.昨天她在这里等你从八点到十点。
The conference will be held from September 12 to September 15 in New York.
这次会议将于九月十二日至九月十五日在纽约举行。
since:自……以来(表示从以前某一时间一直到现在,并仍然在继续)
Mr. Li has kept this painting since 1950.自一九五○年以来,李先生一直保存着这张画。
I have been here since nine this morning.我从今天早晨九点钟一直在这里。
比较:since与from区别
since用于表示时间,只与完成时态句子连用;from也用于一般现在时,一般过去时和一般将来时。
since也可以作连词使用,但from不可以,它只能作介词使用。例如:
Susan has already made a lot of friends since she came to China last year.(since作连词)
苏姗自从去年来到中国以来,已经交了好多朋友。
6 in, within
in:多用于将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时),表示“过……之后”。如in ten minutes(十分钟
之后),in two weeks(两周以后)等。
Mr. Pierce will arrive in Beijing in two days.皮尔斯先生将于两天之后到达北京。
She said she would return home in a week.她说她将于一周后回国。
within:在某一时间段之内;不超过……范围。如:within half an hour(在半小时之内)。
within the vocation(在假期内)
He must reach the railway station within ten minutes.他必须在十分钟之内赶到火车站。
三、用于表示地点和方向介词
表示地点介词有:at, on, in, by, under, near, between, beside, next to, in front of等。
表示方向介词有:into, out of, along, to, for, across, through等。
1 at, in
at:用于表示比较狭小地点,不强调空间范围。意为在某地点。如:at home(在家),at the bus stop(在汽车站)。I'll wait for you at Xisi No.22 bus--stop tomorrow.
in:用于表示比较宽敞的地点,强调空间和地域。意思是在某地。如:in the U.S.A(在 美国),in the world(在世界上),in the street(在街上)等。Were you born in Shanghai?
注意:arrive in后接比较大的地方,如大城市、国家等;arrive at 后接比较小地方,如村庄、学校、工厂、机场等。
2 in, to
in:表示在某一区域以内。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海在中国东部。
My house is in the north of the city Beijing.我家在北京城北部。
to:表示在某一区域以外,相对于某一事物位置。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东部。
Tianjin lies to the east of Beijing.天津在北京东边。
3 on, under, over, above, below
on:该介词可以指“在……的上面”(有接触面),也可以指“在靠近……地方”。
There are many pictures on the wall.墙上有许多画。
My seat is on the left of mother.我的座位在妈妈左边。
above:意思是“在……上方”,但不一定是正上方。
She is now living in a flat above the post office.她现在住在邮局上面一个单元房里。
The plane was flying above Himalayas.飞机那时正飞越喜马拉雅山。
over:表示“在……的正上方”,即垂直上方。
A crow just flew over his house.一只乌鸦刚好从他家房上飞过。
The boys jumped over a stream one after another.孩子们一个个地从小溪上方一跃而过。
below:表示“在……的下方”,但不一定是正下方。below 是 above 反义词。
Below the windows of her flat is a freemarket.在她的房子的窗户下面是一个自由市场。
The temperature tonight will fall below zero.今夜气温将下降到零度以下。
under:表示“在……的正下方”,即垂直的下方。under 反义词是 over。
Under the chair there is a cat sleeping.椅子下面有一只猫在睡觉。
注意:over与under是指垂直的上方和下方,above与below是指不一定垂直上方和下方。
over还有其他一些含义:
①遍及:all over the country(world)  全国(世界)
②超过:相当于more than。He is over 40.③在那边;越过
over there 在那儿
4 in front of, behind
in front of:在……前面,其反义词是behind。
There is a river in front of the house.房子前面有一条河。比较:in the front of与in front of 和before 区别
①in the front of与in front of具有不同的含义。前者表示 在某一范围之内的前部,后者表示某一范围之外前面。
The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.老师正站在教室前部。(在教室之内)
The teacher is standing in front of the classroom.老师正站在教室前面。(在教室之外)
②in front of和before都含有“在……之前”意思,但当表示地点时,用in front of而不用before。例如:in front of the gate(在大门外),而不说before the gate。
5 at, by, beside, next to, near
at, by, beside都表示“在……旁边”。
They are sitting at the table and having a meal happily.他们坐在桌子边,愉快地吃着饭。
The man sat by the river, looking at the boats passing on the river.
那个男人坐在河边,看着河上过往船只。
She came over and sat beside me.她过来坐在了我旁边。
near 表示“在……附近”。距离要比 by 和 next to 远。near=not far,与 far 是反义词。
Is there a hospital near our school?我们学校附近有医院吗?
next to:意思是“紧靠……旁边”,“邻近”。
The house next to yours is empty.你们隔壁那房子没有住人。
6 between, among, around
between:在两者之间。
The girl in the photo is sitting between her father and mother.照片上的姑娘坐在她父亲和母亲之间。
The Mediterranean is just between Europe and Africa.地中海就在欧洲和非洲之间。
among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。
That town is among the mountains.那个小镇在山之中。
around:在……四周;环绕。
They were singing and dancing around a fire to celebrate their festival.