英语句子成分分析（优秀范文5篇）
第一篇：英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分
1英语句子成分·主语
句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语
English is very important.英语是很重要的。
■代词作主语
They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。
■动名词作主语
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it.后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。经典英语句子
2.英语句子成分·谓语
谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语
We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another.他们互相尊重(对方)。
■不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday.他昨天离开这儿。
You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。
■连系动词表状态
He is an excellent teacher.他是位优秀的教师。
Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。
3.英语句子成分·表语
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
They are brother and sister.他们是兄妹。
What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点。
Her father is sixty-five.她父亲65岁。
John is captain of the team.约翰是足球队的队长。
4.英语句子成分·宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
I like Chinese food.我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan.我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you.我和你谈话很高兴。
Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?
We expected that you would stay for a few days.我们预计你会待几天的。
5.英语句子成分·定语
定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。
His father is a doctor.他父亲是一名医生。
Mr.Green has two sons.格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate.在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well.楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
I bought a new dictionary.我买了本新字典。
Can you find out the answer to the question？你能到这个问题的答案吗？
A barking dog seldom bites.吠狗很少咬人。
A man going to die is always kind-hearted.人之将死，其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr.Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？
6.英语句子成分·状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
(1)时间状语
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。
Go along this street until you reach the end.沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。
(2)地点状语
Pandas only live in China.熊猫仅生活在中国。
You should put the book where it was.你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
(3)程度状语
I have quite a lot of work to do.我有相当多的工作要做。
(4)目的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。
(5)方式状语
We usually go to school on foot.我们通常步行去上学。
Please do it as I told you.请按我告诉你的去做。
(6)让步状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。
No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。
(7)条件状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。
(8)比较状语
Your watch is not the same as mine.你的手表与我的不一样。
Mike is not as(so)tall as Jack.迈克不及杰克高。
(9)原因状语
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。I’m glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.由于病了，他没有去上学。
(10)结果状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。
He left early, so that he caught the train.他早早地离去，(结果)因此赶上了火车。
(11)伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一学生。
7.英语句子成分·宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
Tom found the climb quite easy.汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
Don’t be so formal.Call me Jim.不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。
You must keep it clean.你要把它保持干净。
注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。
英语句型结构
一．简单句：
英语基本句型-1
主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.The potatoes went bad in the fields.英语基本句型-2
主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1.The red sun rises in the east.2.They had to travel by air or boat.3.She sat there alone.英语基本句型-3