第一篇:英美文学中的圣经
appreciates
引言:《圣经》是一部历史的史书,是一部的经典作品,是西方社会流传最广、发行量最大、读者最多的一本书,其影响远远超过了宗教领域,渗透到社会文化各个方面。文学界历来公认《圣经》本身就是一部优秀的文学作品,是极为重要的文化遗产,在英美文学中更是形成特有的“圣经现象”,为英美文学提供了取之不尽、用之不竭的素材,对英美文学产生了深远的又独一无二的影响。《圣经》同时也是英语文化的重要支柱。对这一现象进行研讨,能加深我们对《圣经》对英美文学影响的认识。
《圣经》既是一部记录希伯来人历史的史书,同时又是一部内涵深邃的哲学著作。《圣经》(The Holy Bible),由《旧约篇》和《新约篇》两部分组成。《旧约篇》谈的是犹太人的宗教信仰和历史;《新约篇》说的是耶稣的生平和基督教产生及其发展的历史。在英美文化传统形成的过程里,它的影响是独一无二的。以《圣经》为代表的希伯来文学同中国文学、印度文学和希腊文学一起,共同构筑了世界文学大厦的四根支柱。
第二篇:《圣经》对英美文学的影响
《圣经》作为一本巨著,本身就体现了世界古代文化的巨大成就,并向文学家们提供了丰富的创作素材和驰骋想象的艺术天地。
《圣经》既是一部记录希伯来人历史的史书,同时又是一部内涵深邃的哲学著作。在英美文化传统形成的过程里,它的影响是独一无二的。它已成为英美文学作品最基本的素材宝库。因此,《圣经》对英美文学产生了深远的影响。
《圣经》具有大众化的语言特点,风格简洁清新、深刻有力,语言庄重经典,生动热情,节奏鲜明,旋律如诗歌般优美且结构严谨,内涵丰富,极具说服力。
《圣经》体裁众多,既有神话、传说、寓言,又有诗歌、杂文、短篇小说。有书信、演讲,还有布道。表现手法也是丰富多彩,从隐喻、象征、夸张到讽刺、双关等等,不胜枚举。
在整个英美文学发展时,尚不能到第二部书像它那样对英美文学产生如此巨大而深远的影响。我们看浮在海洋上的冰山,露出水面的尖端只是整个冰山的一小部分而已。《圣经》之于英美文学,恰似冰山的基础同其山巅的关系。有时一句话,一行诗,甚至一个词语,后面都有《圣经》传统知识作为支撑,这是因为英美文学作家在创作过程中都自觉不自觉地受其影响。
一、《圣经》是许多英美文学作品的重要素材。
西方及英美作家以《圣经》故事为素材进行创作的人很多,不胜枚举。如,弥尔顿的《失乐园》,约翰·班杨的《天路历程》,惠特曼的《草叶集》等。
二、许多英美文学作品直接援引《圣经》中的词句或人名为作品标题或人物名称。
直接援引《圣经》作题目,从而为作品渲染气氛、奠定基词的例子举不胜举。美国作家威廉·福克纳的《押沙龙,押沙龙》就是很明显的例子。仔细体会后便会发现,直接援引《圣经》中“押沙龙”作题目,的确有统领全篇的效果,且寓意可谓幽深至甚。此外,威廉·福克纳的另外一部巨作《去吧,摩西》书名也取自《圣经·旧约全书》,也有相似的艺术效果。
三、在英美文学作品中的许多作品情节和人物性格都融汇着《圣经》故事的寓意
许多英美文学作家把《圣经》故事的寓意融汇到作品的情节或人物性格里,使这些故事发挥有力陪衬和烘托作用。不了解《圣经》故事作品的人在理解这种文学作品时便难免流于表面和肤浅。
以莎士比亚为例,是善用《圣经》典故寓意的大师,在他的作品中《圣经》典故俯拾即是,不懂《圣经》的人,读起来会感到吃力。《威尼斯商人》、《哈姆雷特》等莎士比亚作品的每一出戏都充满着《圣经》典故。
四、英美文学作品创作受《圣经》的观念和精神影响巨大。
《圣经》的观念和精神对英美文学创作的巨大影响。如在世界文学中反复出现的、被无数作家使用的文学原型———“替罪羊”就源自一个宗教典故。
如霍桑的代表作之一,《红字》,其中的人物白兰的最终回归很好地体现了替罪羊原型的主要特征。再如,《圣经》的仁慈、宽恕博爱是莎士比亚戏剧竭力表现的主题,从而构成了莎剧鲜明的个性。众所周知,《圣经》自始至终鲜明地贯穿着仁慈、宽恕和博爱的基督精神。
《圣经》如影随形般地融入到莎士比亚的剧作之中。”
第三篇:英美文学
Analysis of Robinson Crusoe
2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic
novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s
failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only
indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full
understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a
remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is wa
y.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and
never lose hope.
第四篇:英美文学
《英美文学》复习方法
一、到《英美文学》的辅导书,例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。
二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读,理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点;用汉语记录重点;
三、第一轮复习顺序:
1、先看英国文学,后看美国文学
2、按照时间顺序看,每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品
3、按照课本的章节顺序,看完汉语译文后,对照英语译文,划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派,代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题;评论部分是简单题和问答题;*只看代表性的重要信息,非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看;记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家,哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。
4、按照章节划出重点信息,然后整理笔记;
5、全部整理完毕之后,基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。
四、第二轮复习顺序
1、到历年真题,做题的时候对照答案,寻该答案在课文原文中的原始线索,并作好整理记录;
2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后,对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解;
五、考前突击复习
1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记,对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。
2、根据以往考题的研究,旧题还会重新考,所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分,这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了,所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络,所以认真复习真题并理解消化,整理帮助记忆,这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。
*警告:千万不要抛开课本直接做真题;
千万不要死记硬背,而是要在理解的基础上反复读,抄写,默记;反复整理笔记,新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的,直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。
〈高级英语〉复习方法说明;
一、对照辅导书,精读课文,做课后练习;
二、来历年考试真题,认真做,查到答案在课本中的相关地方
三、认真复习真题,总结知识点;错题本,反复研究错题
四、回到课本,从头到尾认真阅读课文,全面复习重点知识点;
五、整理真题,再次复习错题;
*高级英语上下册32个单元,复习面积很大,所以必须早动手,狠下功夫。
祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩!
第五篇:英美文学
术语解释:
Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote: