Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术
1 mummy ['mʌmi] n.木乃伊
2 Egyptian [i'dʒipʃən] a.埃及的
3 temple ['tempəl] n.庙
4 mark [mɑ:k] n.斑点
5plate [pleit] n.(照相)底片
6 disease    [di'zi:z] n.疾病
7 last [lɑ:st] v.持续
8 prove [pru:v] v.显示出
9 resin ['rezin] n.树脂
10 skin [skin] n.皮，皮肤
11 section['sekʃən] n.切片
12 figure    ['figə] n.(人的)体形；人像
13 normally ['nɔ:məli] ad.通常地
14 survive [sə'vaiv] v.幸免于
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman
died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.
参考译文
死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的唯一办法就是手术。手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. 死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。
mummy ['mʌmi] n.木乃伊
还有“妈妈”的意思，以后可不要叫我mummy了。
Egyptian [i'dʒipʃən] a.埃及的
Egypt:埃及
B.C. = Before Christ    公元前，放在年代的后面。
A.D.      公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略。
Temple of Thebes    底比斯神庙
The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. 这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。
temple ['tempəl] n.庙
a Roman temple:罗马神殿
a temple of arts: 艺术殿堂
that指代上文当中出现的名词the mummy。在指代特指事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London.
that of和those of一般用于较正式的文体中：
It's colder Beijing than Guangzhou. × (北京、广州是地点，只有大小之分，本身没有冷和热）
The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. ×
The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou.
= The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. ∨
As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. 由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。
mark [mɑ:k] n.斑点;以前还学过“标记”，“分数”
int marks:墨水渍
grease marks:油渍
a mother’s mark:胎记
plate [pleit] n.(照相)底片，盘子
take plates of sth. 给……拍片子
take photos of the mountain
take plate  拍片
take photo    拍照片
disease    [di'zi:z] n.疾病
disease指具体的病
Doctors hope that someday they can cure all the diseases.医生们希望有朝一日可以治愈所有疾病。
die of:死于;因….而死(后面跟名词);死于某种疾病，或身体和心理方面的事由。
His grandfather died of a bad cold.
His grandfather died of hunger.
脚底发黄是什么原因
仰望星空 脚踏实地The only way to do this was to operate. 搞清的唯一办法就是手术。
the way to do =the way of doing
The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。
which lasted for over four hours为非限定性定语从句,修饰the operation.
last [lɑ:st] v.持续
last  vi. 持续，延续（常跟一个表示时间的名词或短语，没有被动语态）
last直接加时间或加for+时间
The meeting lasts (for) three hours.
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.
这两个国家之间的战争持续了3年多/一直持续到1453年.
prove [pru:v] v.显示出,证明
① vi. 显示，表明
prove +adj.
It proves difficult to do the job by herself.
prove +to be +adj.
It proves to be difficult.
② vt. 证明，证实（后面可跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等）
I will prove it to you.      我将会证明给你看
We’re been trying to sell our house, but it’s proved to be very difficult.
You should first prove that you bought these goods here.
雪诗句resin ['rezin] n.树脂
skin [skin] n.皮，皮肤
词义辨析：skin, complexion,leather
skin:可用于指人体的”皮肤”,也可以指某人是什么颜的皮肤，用于后一种意思时可也complexion(肤)互换。
leather:皮革
We are wet to the skin.我们全身湿透了。
He has a dark skin/complexion.他皮肤黝黑。
Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive.真皮做的鞋子现在非常贵。
This sofa is made from real leather.这沙发是真皮的。
complexion     n. 肤
火柴女孩
Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.
The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory.  医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。
section['sekʃən] n.切片
They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. 他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。
figure    ['figə] n.(人的)体形；人像，数字
have a well developed figure:体态健壮
词义辨析：wax和candle
wax      n. 蜡（不可数名词）
All the figures in this shop are made of wax.这个店里所有的塑像都是蜡制的。
candle      n. 蜡烛（可数名词）
I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly.我床边总放一枝蜡烛，以防突然停电。
This god which has the head of a cow was 100个优美题记normally placed inside a mummy. 这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。
normally ['nɔ:məli] ad.通常地
The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. 医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。
what 对名词提问，how对副词或介词短语提问。
how在这里是对of sth.提问的。要想用what提问，died后面加of。
decide    v. 做出最终的判断，对……下判决，解决（悬案）
decide在这里不是指”下决心/决定”,而是指”对…..下判决”,”解决(悬案)”等.
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.
They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. 他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。
fear    v. 害怕（长时间的）
cut open    切开
花大fall to pieces:散掉,成为碎片(也可以说go to pieces)
During the storm, the old house fell to pieces.
在暴风雨中,那座老房子塌了.
After two years their marriage fell to pieces.两年以后,他们的婚姻破裂了.
The mummy successfully survived the operation.
这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。
survive [sə'vaiv] v.幸免于,经历(灾难等)之后还活着