作状语的“名词+介词+名词”短语
英语中有一种特殊的作状语的名词短语,即“名词+介词+名词”短语。这类短语中介词前后的两个名词为同一个词。下面我们按照介词对这类短语进行分类。   
    1.after类:day after day每天,日复一日地;hour after hour连续几个小时地,一小时又一小时地;month after month每月,月复一月地;night after night每夜,一夜又一夜地;time after time反复,一再,屡次;week after week每周,一周又一周地;year after year年年,年复一年地。此类短语均与时间有关。例如:
  ①Night after night she sat by the bed of the wounded soldier.
    她一连几夜地守护在那个伤兵的床边。
    ②You've made the same error time after time! Please try to be more careful!
    你已经屡屡犯同样的错误了!请再仔细点儿!
  ③The population of the world is increasing year after year.
    世界人口每年都在增加。
    2.by类:bit by bit一点一点地,逐渐地;case by case一例一例地,逐例地;day by day每天,一天一天地;drop by drop一滴一滴地,一点一点地;hour by hour一小时又一小时地,时时刻刻地;inch by inch一步一步地,逐渐地,缓慢地,徐徐地;item by item逐项地,逐条地;little by little一点一点地,逐渐地;man by man以一人对一人,人盯人地(by可改为to);month by month每月,逐月地;part by part逐项地,详细地;piece by piece一件一件地,一片一片地,逐渐地,逐点地;point by point一点一点地,逐点地,逐项地,详细地;side by side肩并肩地,并排地,相等地,互相支持地,相邻地,共存地,接近,相近;stage by stage一步一步地,逐步地,分阶段地,分级地;step by step一步一步地,逐步地,按步就班地,切切实实地,谨慎地;two by two两个两个地,成对地。此类短语大都含有“一(个)一(个)”之意,不少还可泽为“逐渐
地”。例如:
    ①Having saved money bit by bit,they now had enough to buy a new car.
    他们一点一点地存钱,现在已有足够买一辆新车的钱了。
  ②We advanced inch by inch.
    我们缓慢地前进。
    ③The boss wants to see each member of staff one by one.
    老板想逐个与全体员工见面。
  ④I move that we vote these proposals point by point.
    我提议逐条表决这些建议。
    ⑤Old and new ideas may exist side by side.
    新旧观念可以共存。
    3.for类:end for end例转过来,颠倒地,相反地;an eye for an eye以眼还眼,以牙还牙;hank for hank齐头并进地(指两船一同改变航向并用同等速度行驶),同样速度地,平等地;life for life以命偿命地;man for man以一人对一人,一致地,没有例外地;point for
point详细地,精确地,在每一点上,从多方面比较起来;step for step一步对一步地,亦步亦趋地,以同样地步调;tit for tat针锋相对地,以牙还牙,一报还一报;tooth for tooth 以牙还牙,针锋相对地;word for word逐字逐句地,一字不变地,精确地。例如:
    ①He told us his adventure point for point.
    他把他的奇遇详详细细地告诉了我们。
    ②The little girl tore her brother's book,and tit for tat he hid her doll.
    小女孩撕了她哥哥的书,她哥哥则针锋相对,把她的布娃娃藏了起来。
  ③She learned the poem many years ago,but she recited it word for word.
    她是许多年前学的这首诗,但仍能一字不漏地背出来。
    4.to类:back to hack背靠背地,背对背地,一个接一个,连续地;see eye to eye看法完全相同,完全同意,面对面看着(与see连用);face to face面对面地,当面地,对立地;front to front面对面地;blind to fist亲密地,齐心协力地;hand to hand短兵相接地,逼近
地,肉搏地;head to head头对头地,面对面地,促膝地,交头接耳地;heart to heart开诚布公地,心连心地,贴心地,推心置腹地,坦率地,诚恳地;knee to knee膝靠着膝地,促膝地;man to man 个人对个人地,一对一地,人盯人地,私下地,坦率地,真诚地;nose to nose面对面地,迎面(相遇);shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地,齐心协力地,互助,一致,团结;ten to one十之八九,十拿九稳,很可能。如:
    ①Let's talk about this face to face.I don't like talking over the telephone.
    这事我们当面谈吧,我不想在电话里谈。
    ②They started the duel by standing back to back.
    他们背对背站好开始了决斗。
    ③We talked heart to heart for over an hour.
    我们推心置腹地谈了一个多小时。
    ④We spoke man to man about the state of our marriages.
    我们坦率地谈论了我们的婚姻状况。
    5.其他:all in all总之,总计,从各方面而言;arm in arm 臂挽着臂,亲密地;hand in glove非常亲密地,密切合作地,互相勾结;hand in hand手拉手地,同时并进地,密切关联地,形影相随地,联合地,相伴,共同;hand over fist不费气力地,大量地,迅速地;hand over hand双手交替使用地,迅速而容易。既快且易;head over哪深深地,全身地;head over heels:head over tip:heels over head深深地,全身地;head over heels=head over tip:heels over
head头朝下脚朝上地,倒栽葱地,轻率地,乱纷纷地,深深地,完全地,匆忙地;line upon line谆谆劝告,絮说,谆言;得一进二地,一步一步地(推进)。例如:
    ①All in all,it was a pleasant day's cruise.
    总的来说,今天的水上旅行是愉快的。
    ②The secretary and her boss worked hand in glove.
    秘书和她的老板在工作上配合密切。
    ③He is making money hand over fist in that又一夜 shop.
    他靠那家商店在大赚其钱。
    ④I knocked him head over heels.
    我把他打了个倒栽葱。
  ⑤His talent for writing goes hand in hand with his love of literature.
    他的写作天才与他对文学的喜爱密切相关。