第一篇:英语的后缀及词性判断
构词法之后缀
后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性。下面分四大类分别讲解一些常见后缀及其含义:
(1)名词后缀
-ability(能力, 才干),ibility : able(能...的, 有才能的, 能干的, 能够的)—ability(能力, 才干)
flexible(有弹性的,柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性, 适应性, 机动性, 挠性)
arrive(到达, 抵达)—arrival(到来, 到达, 到达者)
refuse(拒绝, 谢绝)—refusal(拒绝, 推却)
-
age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)
例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
-an, ian,arian : library(图书馆)—librarian(图书管理员)
music(音乐,乐曲)—musician(音乐家)
-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal-ance,ence : appear出现,公开露面—appearance出现,露面,外貌,外观
noise的形容词refer(提交,谈及提到,涉及,查阅,咨询)—reference(提及,涉及,参考, 参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人))
-ancy,ency : emerge(显现, 浮现,(事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件)
expect(期待, 预期)—expectancy(期待, 期望)
-ant,ent : apply(申请)—applicant(申请者)
correspond(通信)—correspondent(通讯记者,通信者)
-cy : accurate(正确的, 精确的)—accuracy(精确性, 正确度)
private(私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰, 秘密)
-dom : free(自由的, 免费的, 免税的, 免费)—freedom(自由, 自主, 直率, 特权)
king(国王,君主,首领, 纸牌中的K,立...为王,做国王,统治)—kingdom(王国,天国, 上帝的统治, 领域)
-ee : employ(雇用,用)—employee(职工,雇员)interview(接见,会见)—interviewee(被接见者,被访问者)
-er,or,ar :-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor paint(油漆,颜料)—painter(画家,油漆匠)
beg(请求,乞求)—beggar(乞丐)
-ery : brave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)
slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分, 奴隶制度)
-ese: China(中国)—Chinese(中国的,)
Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)
-ess : actor(男演员)—actress(女演员)
waiter(侍者, 服务员)—waitress(女服务生)
hand(手)—handful(一把, 少数)
-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)
cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette hood : child(孩子, 儿女)—childhood(孩童时期)
man(男人)—manbood(成年男子)
-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
-ics : electron(电子)—electronics(电子器件)
linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)
-ism : 意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)Marx(马克思)—Marxism(马克思主义)
socialist(社会主义者)—socialism(社会主义)idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism
-ist : psychiatry(精神病学)—psychiatrist(精神病医师)
violin(小提琴)—violinist(小提琴演奏者)
-ity,ty : cruel(残酷的,悲惨的)—cruelty(残忍,残酷)
pure(纯的, 纯粹的)—purity(纯净,纯洁,纯度)
-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
-ment :move(移动, 迁居)—movement(运动,动作)
retire(退休, 引退,退却)—retirement(退休,引退)
-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)e.g.:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability dark(黑暗, 夜)—darkness(黑暗, 漆黑)
happy(快乐的, 幸福的)—happiness(幸福, 快乐)
-ology : climate(气候, 风土)—climatology(气候学, 风土学)
future(未来, 将来)—futurology(未来学)
-ship : friend(朋友, 助手)—friendship(友谊, 友好)
scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金, 学问,学识)
-sion,ssion: decide(决定, 判决)—decision(决定,决心)expand(使膨胀,扩张)—expansion(扩充,开展)
-th : grow(生长, 成长)—growth(生长, 种植)
wide(宽的, 广阔的)—width(宽度)
-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
-ure : close关, 关闭—closure关闭,使终止 expose使暴露,揭露—exposure暴露, 揭露
构词法之后缀
二、动词后缀
1.-ify意为:转为,变为,使。。化(to turn into,to make or become)class班级, 阶级—classify分类, 分等
simple简单的—simplify简化
2.-ize;
-en
意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)deep深的—deepen加深, 深化
fast紧的, 牢的—fasten扎牢, 系紧
modern现代的—modernise/modernize使现代化
popular流行的, 受欢迎的—popularise/popularize
三、形容词后缀:
1.able, ible-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)question疑问—questionable可疑的
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