第一讲 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
Summary:
现在完成进行时的构成公式为：have/has been +现在分词。
现在完成时的基本例句:
1)We have lived here since1995.
2)I have been to Japan twice.
3)Joan has just finished her homework
其中，(2)(3)描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事物或状态，（1）描述的是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况。
▲总之，现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情。
一、现在完成时的形式
A→现在完成时的肯定句
句型：主语（I、we、you第三人称复数）+have+过去分词
主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词
例：1）I have been busy all the day.
2) My father has read today’s paper.
3) I have just written the letter.
B→现在完成时的否定句
句型：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词
例：1）The concert hasn’t/has not started yet.
2)They haven’黄鹤楼 诗词t gotten to London yet.
C→现在完成时的一般疑问句
例：1）Has the concert started?
2) Have you friend your homework?
D→现在完成时的特殊疑问句，分两种情况
a.疑问句词作主语时
句型：疑问句（主语）+have/has+过去分词+……？
例：1）Who has/have bought these apples?
2)Who has made her so sad?
B→疑问词作主语以外的成分时
句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+……？
例：1)How long have you live here?
2)How many times have you been to Spain?
二、现在完成时的用法
1、概述
例：1）继续 He has been sick since last week.
2) 经验 I have visited Tokyo twice.
Have you ever been to Hawaii?
3) 完成 I have just finished my homework.
Has he finished his work yet?
4) 结果 My father has become a lawyer.
I have lost my dictionary.
下面分别阐述其用法
2、表示继续的现在完成时
例：1）肯定句：Li Ming’s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years.
2)否定句：We haven’t seen each other all this month.
3)疑问句：How long have you know your boy friend?
A→基本用法
表示继续意义的现在完成时，说明过去的动作一直延续到现在，也就是说从过去某时开始
的动作、状态一直持续到现在。此时，往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语。
例：1）I began to study English three years ago.(过去试)
2）I still study English now.(现在式)
3）I have studied English since three years ago.
图示：
现在时
▲牢记：表继续的动词
have known 已经认识了 have studied 已经学习了
have worked ； have been to； have used ；have taught ；have stayed;
have wanted to; have lived
▲B→常用的时间状语
表示继续的现在完成时，常和下列时间状语连用
for+时间 since+过去某时 all this week
often today recently all day
up to now 直到现在 so far 到目前为止
lately always till/until now
in the past years
these days
this week
during the past （years、month）
3、表示经验的现在完成时
例：1）肯定句：I have seen the film three times.
2) 否定句：I’ve never seen the film.
3)疑问句：Have you ever been to U.K.?
A→基本用法
表示经验的现在完成时，说明从过去起到现在的经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过或做过的事情。
B→常用的时间状语
Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many times
防护服怎么画C→ have/has been的用法
形式 | 意义 | 用法 |
Have/has been to | 表示“曾经去过……” | 经验 |
表示“到 … 去过了…” | 完成 | |
Have/has been in | 表示“曾在……” | 经验 |
表示“一直在……” | 继续 | |
| advocated |
游览作文例：a. have been to
I have been to the summer palace twice.(经验)
I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完成)
b. have been in
Have you ever been in America?(经验)
We have been in home for the whole day.(继续)
插曲：be 动词的过去分词
Be动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数都要用been表示
例：We have been tired these days
区别：I am happy.（一般现在时）
I was happy.（一般过去时）
秋天的诗歌 I have been happy.（现在完成时）
4．表示完成，结果的现在完成时
例：1）My father has just gone out.(结果)
2）I have closed the window.(完成)
3）Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(结果)
A→表示完成的用法
I’ve just finished my homework.
They have gone to GuiLin.
B→表示结果的用法
例1、(1)I opened the door.
(2)The door is open now.
(3)I have opened the door.
例2、（1）John bought a dictionary.
(2)Now John has a new dictionary.
(3)John has bought a new dictionary.
▲牢记：表结果的现在完成时常见动词。
make become go come lose grow sell buy fall
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