一般现在时和现在完成时的区别(初三)
一般现在时和现在完成时是初中接触较多的两种时态,两者的区别也是历年中考的热点。一般现在时是经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。现在完成时是过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。两者在概念、构成方式、时间状语、感情彩、用语范围、时间范围方面都有很多不同。为了更好的区分两者,我们从这几个方面进行分析。
一、概念不同:
一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。而现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。
如:She often does her homework in the evening.
她经常在晚上做作业。
She is doing her homework now.
现在她正在做作业。
二、在构成方式上的不同:
一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况:
①be动词的一般现在时形式:am,is,are.
②动词have的一般现在时形式:have,has.
③其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是:am/is/are+动词的-ing形式(现在分词)。
三、时间状语不同:
一般现在时的时间状语主要有:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day,on Sundays,in the morni n g/afternoon/evening等;
现在进行时的时间状语主要有:now,these days,this week,at the moment等,有时句首有“Look!”、“Listen!”或“It’s+时刻”等词、句存在。
如:We play football in the afternoon.
我们在下午踢足球。(一般现在时)
My mother is reading a newspaper now.
我妈妈正在看报纸。(现在进行时)
四、感情彩不同:
一般现在时往往不带任何感情彩,语气比较肯定。现在进行时常带有一定的感情彩,并多与always, often等副词连用。
如:Mr. Li works hard in the factory.
李先生在工厂工作努力。(说明事实,语气比较肯定)
Mr. Li is always working hard in the factory.
李先生在工厂工作一直很努力。(表示赞扬)
五、用语范围不同:
某种表示情感、意识(如want,like,know等);表示“有”的have等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时。如:
我现在就想回家。
误:I am wanting to go home now.
正:I want to go home now.
他有一台电脑。
误:He is having a computer.
正:He has a computer.
六、时间范围不同:
这两种时态所表示的时间范围都可能有“过去——现在——将来”的意味,但相对而言,一般现在时持续的时间较长,甚至无限。而现在进行时持续的时间较短,可能片刻完成。
如:She comes from Shanghai.
她是上海人。
She is coming from Shanghai.
她正从(或即将从)上海来。
练习题:(选择填空)
一. 般现在时.
()1.My Englis h teache r aboutthirty yearsold, but he younge r than he really is.
A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look
()2.Jim very hard, but he till a little weak in Chines e.
A. studie s, is
B. study, is
C. doesn’t study, is
()3.We all know that the sun roundthe earth.
A. goes
B. don’tgo
C. doesn’tgo
()4.There twelve months in a year and Januar y first.
A. is, comes
B. are, come
C. are, comes
()5.Who the kite best of all, Jim. Lucy or Lily?
A .flies B. fly C .are flying
()6. the GreatWall one of the places of greatintere sts in China? A.Was B. Do C. Is
()7. you usuall y to school with classm ates?
A. Do, comes
B. does, come
含糊的反义词C. Do, come
()8. she home at six o’clock every mornig?
A. Do, comes
B. Does. Come
C. Do, come
()9. My mother like watcin g TV,so she to bed very e arlyeveryevenin g.
A. doesn’t,go B. don’tgo C. doesn’tgoes
()10.Mr Greenusuall y newspa persaftersupper everyday.
A. read
B. readin g
C. reads
二. 一般过去式.
()1.The two in the same classlast year.
A. are
B. was
C. were
()2.---Whereyou ?
----I went to buy some food for supper.
()3.The studen ts in LiLei’s classon a farm last week.
A. work
B. works
C. worked
()4. that worker in a shoe factor y a year ago?
A. Do, work
B.Did, worked
C. Did, work
()5.---Did you find your pen ?
----Yes, I it two hoursago.
A. found
B. find
C. finded
()6. your mother to work last Saturd ay?
A. Did, go
B. Do, go
C. Does, go
()7.They not late the day before yester day.
A. did
B. were
C. are
()8. they away from school last Octobe r?
A. Did
B. Were
C. Do
()9. you to school last Sunday?
A. Did, come
春雨诗B. Do, come
C. Were, come
()10.What they for breakf ast last week?
A. were, have
B. did, have
小学生歇后语C. will, have
()11.My friend his homewo rk fiftee n minute s ago.
成都美食攻略A. finish
B. finish es
楚楚可怜的意思
C. finish ed
()12.The boys only subjec ts last term, but this term they five.
A. have, have
B. had, had
C. had, have
()13.Why Ann TV last night?
A. didn’t, watch
B. don’twatch
C. doesn’twatch
()14.They stoppe d here becaus e they the way to the statio n.
A. didn’t know
B.don’t know
C. will know
()15---Where you find your ticket?
----I it on the ground.
A. did, found
B. do, found
C. were, find
三. 现在进行时.
()1.Can’tyouseeUncleWang and his friend s some machin es?尾组词语
A. is makig
B. are making
C.make
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