现在完成时及其不规则动词

创作编号：GB8878185555334563BT9125XW

创作者：凤呜大王*　

语法一点通

现在完成时态

语法点拨：现在完成时态

基本用法

用法（一）：谈论个人经历

构成：have/has(助动词）+done(过去分词）

例如：I have heard of the person. 我听说过这个人

说明：常常与副词ever, never连用。 I have ever heard of the person.

否定：主语 + have/has + not +

疑问：Have/Has+主语+？

注意：have/has been to 与have /has gone to

用法（二）：表示“某动作从过去一直持续到现在”。

（持续的时间用for 或since 短语表达）

构成：have/has + done + for + 时间段； have/has + done + since + 时间点

此时与现在完成进行时态的用法相同。

如：He has watched TV for half an hour. = He has been watching TV for half an hour.

说明：如果句中动词为非延续性动词，不能直接与for和since的短语连用。

如：He has got to Chengdu for 2 days. (错）

如果把句中got to 变为可持续性动词（be), 就可以与for和since的短语连用。

He has been in Chengdu for 2 days. (对）他到达成都已经2天了。

用法（三）：表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”。

构成：与用法（一）相同。常常与just, already, yet等副词连用。

例子：I have already eaten supper. 我已经吃了晚餐了。（含义：我现在不吃了）

　Have you eaten supper yet? 你已经吃过晚餐了吗？（含义：你现在想吃晚餐吗？）

说明：副词already常用于肯定句。而yet 则用于否定和疑问句。在否定句中常常翻译为“还”。

I haven’t eaten supper yet. 我还没吃晚餐。（含义：我现在想吃晚餐）

动词过去分词变化规则与不规则变化

（一）变化规则：与过去式规则相同。

1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look---looked----looked

2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move---moved----moved

3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry---carried-----carried

4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop----stopped----stopped

（二）不规则变化：

不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。以便准确记忆。

AAB型

原形	过去式	过去分词	现分/动名词	三单	中文
beat	beat	beaten	beating	beats	打败

ABC 型

原形	过去式	过去分词	现分/动名词	三单	中文
be	was / were 张震雷	been	being	is / am	是，在…
begin	began	begun	beginning	begins	开始
blow	blew	blown	blowing	blows	吹
break	broke	broken	breaking	breaks	破裂、折断
choose	chose	chosen	choosing	chooses	选择
do	did	done	doing	does	做、干
draw	drew	drawn	drawing	draws	作文国庆节画画
drive	drove	driven	driving	drives	驾驶
drink	drank	drunk	drinking	drinks	喝
eat	ate	eaten	eating	eats	吃
fall	fell	fallen	falling	falls	落下
fly	flew	flown	flying	flies	飞
forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting	forgets	忘记
get	got	gotten	getting	gets	到达、得到
give	gave	given	giving	gives	给
go	went	gone	going	goes	去
grow	grew	grown	growing	grows	成长
hide	hid	hidden	hiding	hides	隐藏
know	knew	known	knowing	knows	知道了解

mistake	mistook	mistaken	mistaking	mistakes	犯错
ride	rode	ridden	riding	rides	骑
ring	rang	rung	ringing	rings	响铃
rise	rose	risen	rising	rises	升起
see	saw	seen	seeing	sees	看到
shake	shook	shaken	shaking	shakes	摇动
sing	sang	sung	singing	sings	唱
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking	speaks	讲
steal	stole	stolen	stealing	steals	偷
swim	swam	swum	swimming	swims	游泳
take	took	taken	taking	takes	拿、带
throw	threw	thrown	throwing	throws	扔
wake	woke	woken	waking	wakes	唤醒
wear	wore	worn	wearing	wears	穿戴
write	wrote	written	writing	writes	写

AAA型

原形	过去式	过去分词	现分/动名词	三单	中文
cost	cost	cost	costing	costs	花费
cut	cut	cut	cutting	cuts	砍、切、割
hit	hit	hit	hitting	hits	打、撞
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurting	hurts 我的手机	伤害
let	let	let	letting	lets	让
put	put	put	putting	puts	放置
read	read	read	reading	reads	读
set	set	set	setting	sets	设置、搭建
shut	shut	shut	shutting	shuts	关闭

ABA型

瓷玫瑰

原形	过去式	过去分词	现分/动名词	三单	中文
become	became	become	becoming	becomes	成为
come	came	come	coming	comes	来
overcome	overcame	overcome	overcoming	overcomes	克服
run	ran	run	running	runs	跑

什么是因特网

ABB型

原形	过去式	过去分词	现分/动名词	三单	中文
understand	understood	understood	understanding	understands	理解、明白
bring	brought	brought	bringing	brings	带来
build	built	built	building	builds	建造
burn	burned/burnt	burned/burnt	burning	burns	燃烧
buy	bought	bought	buying	buys	买
catch	caught	caught	catching	catches	抓住、赶上
deal	dealt	dealt	dealing	deals	处理
dig	dug	dug	digging	digs	挖
feed	fed	fed	feeding	feeds	喂养
feel	felt	felt	feeling	feels	感觉
fight	fought	fought	fighting	fights	打架
find	found	found	finding	finds	发现、到
hang	hung	hung	hanging	hangs	悬挂
hear	heard	heard	hearing	hears	听
hold	held	held	holding	holds	举办
keep	kept	kept	keeping	keeps	保持
learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	learning	learns	学习
leave	left	left	leaving	leaves	离开
lend	lent	lent	lending	lends	借

light	lighted/lit	lighted	lighting	lights	点燃
lose	lost	lost	losing	loses	丢失
make	made	made	making	makes	制造
mean	meant	meant	meaning	means	意味
meet	met	met	meeting	meets	遇见
pay	paid	paid	paying	pays	付给
say	said	said	saying	says	说
sell	sold	sold	selling	sells	卖
send	sent	sent	sending	sends	送
shine	shone	shone	shining	shines excel图标	照耀
show	showed	showed/shown	showing	shows	展示
sit	sat	sat	sitting	sits	座
sleep	slept	slept	sleeping	sleeps	睡觉
spend	spent	spent	spending	spends	花费、度过
stand	stood	stood	standing	stands	站、忍受
sweep	swept	swept	sweeping	sweeps	清扫
teach	taught	taught	teaching	teaches	教
tell	told	told	telling	tells	告诉
think	thought	thought	thinking	thinks	思考
win	won	won	winning	wins	赢得

【拓展】

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。

如：I have learned English since I came here.

自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如：It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误)

rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. (正)

又如：---When did you get to know Jack?

　---Two years ago.

　---Then you've known each other for more than two years.

　---That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1. 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived. 火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？

2. 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式).

如：(1) 他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.

正：He has been dead for three years.

现在完成时及其不规则动词

发布评论取消回复

最近发表

热门文章

标签列表