区分 have done 和 have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论:
一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别;
二、要结合动词的不同延续特点 .首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别
结果或成就 (emphasis on achievement).具体来讲 ,现在完成进行时 have been doing 强调的是在
一段时期内某项活动的持续性 ,强调的是动作本身 .现在完成时 have done 则是强调动作产生
的结果或取得的成就 ,而不是动作本身 .二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领
悟到: (2) a. My hands are very dirty. I ’ ve been painting the house. b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it ’s green.
思维分析:
句a 中 have been painting 表示 painting 动作一直在持续 ,活动还没有结束 ,所以才有 my hands
are very dirty 这样的现状 .句 a 意思是“我的手很脏 ,我现在一直在给房间刷漆” .
句 b 中约分口诀 have painted 表示 painted 动作已经结束 ,而且动作导致的结果是 the house was white, but
now it ’ s green 房间现在是绿的了 .
现在完成时表示动作业已完成 , 而完成进行时却不一定如此
I ’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕 .(已做好)
I ’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕 . (不一定做好了
She’ s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画 .(已画好)
She’ s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画 .(可能还没画好 )
强调时间长度用完成进行时比较好: I’ve been coughing all night.
我咳了一整夜
.(比
I ’ve毒爱
coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久)
All the time she ’s been sitting there in silence. 她一直静坐在那里 .
写观后感All these years we ’ve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系 .
许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时:
I ’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了 .
The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了 6 个月 .
Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他 .
raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼着加薪 .
但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时:
I ’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做
.Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证 .
有少数动词用两种时态都可以
,意思差别不大
,如:
They have been working very well this term.
这学期他们学习很好
急性痛风吃什么药稿件大全. They have worked very well
发布评论