专题二代__词
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
作主语、表语
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语、同位语、表语
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
形容词性物主代词
作定语
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
作主语、表语或宾语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
反身代词
作宾语、表语或同位语
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
1．人称代词
(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下两种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.
——苏珊，去和你一起打扫院子。
——为什么我去？约翰坐在那里什么也没做。
②含比较级的句子中than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。
He is taller than me (I)．
他比我高。
但在下列句子中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝ I like both Jack and her.
我喜欢杰克，也喜欢她。
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.　
我喜欢杰克，她也喜欢他。
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, she and I will be in charge of the case.
我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。
2．物主代词
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前，作定语。
(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、表语、宾语或与of连用作定语。
I am an admirer of yours.
我是你的粉丝。
3．反身代词
　含有反身代词的习惯用语
devote oneself to      　    致力于
dress oneself      自己穿衣
enjoy oneself      玩得高兴
help oneself to      随便吃，随便用
hide oneself      把自己藏起来
make oneself at home      不受拘束
say to oneself      心里想
seat oneself      坐下
teach oneself      自学
come to oneself      恢复知觉
behave oneself      表现得体，有礼貌
apply oneself to      致力于
by oneself      独自地
of oneself      自动地  　
[命题点感悟]                       
单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find________ (they) alive.
解析：them　空格前面是动词find，空格处作宾语应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。
②(2017·浙江6月高考)“She thought I had hurt ________(I)，” says Pahlsson.
解析：myself　句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school ...This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ________ (I) high school days.
解析：my　此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该填形容词性物主代词my。
④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by _______ (it) mother.
解析：its　句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。
⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden ________ (we) view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
解析：our　根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“能够开阔我们的视野”。
⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ________ (I).
解析：myself　根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。
⑦(2016·四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in ________ (he) hand.
解析：his　由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。
⑧(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw ________ (he) parents.
解析：his　根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前用与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。
it的用法
1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。
It often rains here in summer.(表示天气)
这里夏天时常下雨。
It is twenty miles from here to the village.(表示距离)
从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。
2．代替前面提过的事物。
—What's in the picture？图画里是什么？
—It is a cat.是一只猫。
3．当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可用it来表示。
Is it a boy or a girl？是男孩还是女孩？
4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。常用于下列句型：
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋不定式
②It is no good/no use/useless/of no use doing sth.
③It's (well) worth doing sth.
④It＋be＋名词短语(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)/adj.＋that从句
⑤It＋特殊动词(seems/appears/高考报名费turned out/occurred to sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
⑦It＋takes＋(sb.) some time/some money to do sth.
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋adj./n. (for/of sb.) to do/从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy ...)＋doing ...
③主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential/clear＋that ... (should) ...
It is the teachers' duty to teach the students.
教学生是老师的职责。
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。
5．用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。
I'd appreciate it if you could attend our party.
如果你能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。
[命题点感悟]                       
单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______ a try.
解析：it/running　根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。
②(2018·浙江6月高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.