Unit Two
Task 1    Familiarizing Yourself with Classification
1. Skim the following passage for the answers to the questions below.
1  Man-made or anthropogenic causes; and natural causes.
2  Pollution burning fossil fuels; mining coal and oil; etc.; the production of CO2 the increase of
population; the demolition of trees; etc.
3  CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
4  Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.
5  In order to make a clear and logic classification; one needs to follow a principle of classifi
cation and go on with a system consistently. For example; the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.
Reading 1    Causes for Global Warming
Task 2    Understanding Lectures through Classification
Listening 1
1. Listening to the lecture and write down whatever you believe is important; especially the
classifications of key terms.
Unconscious motivation; unconscious conflict; the id; the ego; the superego; etc.
2. Use your notes. Decide if the statements below are true T or false F. Then justify your answers; in the space provided; by giving evidence from the talk.
1 T    2  F    3  F    4  F    5 T    6  F    7 T    8  F
3. Listen again; paying attention to the following classifications and then complete the tables below.
Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation
Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict
4. Listen again and piece your notes together into a short summary. Then retell the lecture to your partner.
There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first; the existence of unconscious motivation; second; the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations; such as marriage; forgetting a person’s name; calling out the wrong name etc. In his view; there are three processes going on in the head; namely; id; ego and superego; which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”; while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.
Task 3    Reading Classification Articles
Reading 2    Renewable Energy Sources—Awater pollution Brief Summary
1. Work with a partner or a group of 3—4 students. Study the title and phrases in bold of Reading  2 and discuss the following questions.
1  Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight; wind; rain; tides; and geothermal heat; which are renewable naturally replenished.
2  □√ The purpose of using renewable energy sources.
□√ The classification of renewable energy sources.
□√ The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.
□√ The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
□√ The history of the use of different energy sources.
□ How energy is obtained from various sources.
3  I will write:
1 The definition of the renewable energy.
2 The classification of the renewable energy.
3 The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
2. Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.
1  The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.
2  It converts the sun’s rays into energy.
3  The main demerit is that it is limited.
4  Sailors; farmers and architects.
5  The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.
6  Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.
7  They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.
8  It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.
9  They contain no petroleum; and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.
10 The Environmental Protection Agency.
3. Match the target words with the definitions below. You may infer their meaning from context.
1  j. evolution    2  s. solar    3  a. architect    4  l. geothermal    5  p. preserve
  b. biodegradable    7  r. radioactive    8  f. crusade    9  h. distribute    10  q. radiant