Contents
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………1
Abstract ……………………………………………………………2
提要………………………………………………………………..3
Introduction………………………………………………………..4
Chapter 1: Context…………………………………………………7
1.1 Notion………………………………………………7
1.2 History…………………………………………… ..7
1.3 Meaning and context…………………………….…9
完美的一天歌词Chapter 2: Cultural Context and Translation……………………..12
2.1 Culture concerning natural scenes are different…13
2.2 Social regulations and rules are different………..15
2.3 The ideational cultures are different……………..16
2.3.1 Cultural values………………………………….16
2.3.2 Habitual psychological association……………..18
2.3.3 Culture in beliefs………………………………..20
Chapter 3: Historical Context and Translation…………………...23
3.1 Language itself has a history…………………….23
3.2 Historical situation…………………………….…26
3.4 Historical incidents………………………………29
Chapter 4: Participants and Translation………………………….31
4.1 Status and Role………………………………….31
4.2 Education………………………………………..34
4.3 Relationship between the Participants…………..36
Conclusion……………………………………………………….43
Bibliography……………………………………………………..45
Abstract
Accurate understanding is one precondition of translating so translators first should concentrate on the definition of the original meaning before rendering. Yet every expression may hold various denotative and associative meanings besides certain occasional meaning derived when put in the practical using. Of these polysemous meanings around, which to choose may cudgel the translator’s brains. Under this circumstance the translator has to resort to the linguistic and non-linguistic contexts as the sole determiner. The non-linguistic context is a most complex system including all the
factors, material or spiritual, of which social contextual elements are of key significance. 干白葡萄酒和干红葡萄酒的区别
党务公开栏Culture plays a very important role in translation as the same object or act carries distinct national flavors into different cultural groups that may puzzle or even shock the foreigners. As a translator, one should try best to reveal all the flavours and images in the target language to the fullest on the base of completely grasping the two cultures.
All on the earth is in the process of changing, which results in the language changes. The primitive meaning may be narrowed, broadened or completely altered in the process of being used. The historical periods affect people’s choice of expressions in communicating and endow some utterances with special meanings from the point of view of today’s readers.
The different social status individuals hold, social occasions and relative social relations between the participants also have great influence on the speaker’s word-selection and the subsequent analysis of his utterances by the listeners and translators.
In summary besides the verbal meaning, translators have to take contextual elements, especially the above-mentioned social ones, into consideration. In the following paper the author will make a detailed study on how the analysis of meaning and the translation are influenced by the social context.
Key Words: （1） Context whether是什么意思（2） Cultural Context （3）Culture Concerning Nature; （4）Ideational Culture;（5）Historical Context; （6） Communicating Participants
提要
准确理解是翻译的前提，因此在动手翻译前译者首先确定原文的意思。每一语言单位除了收入字典里的各种各样的概念意义和联想意义，在实际的运用中还可能产生一定的场景意义。面对这些围绕着意核形成的各种意义，如何选择使得翻译者伤透脑筋。此时翻译者只得求助于限定语意的语内语境和语外语境。语外语境是一个包括所有物质和精神因素的极为复杂的体系，其中社会语境因素是关键。
文化在翻译中发挥着很重要的作用， 同一个物体或动作在不同的文化体中可能携带着不
同让其他体迷惑不解的文化彩。翻译者应该在充分掌握二者文化的基础上最大限度地在目的语里再现源语的彩和意象。
世界上的一切都在变化中，语言也得随之变化。原始意义在使用过程中或缩小或扩大，有的甚至完全改变。历史时期影响人们在交流中的选词并可能赋予话语特殊的含义。
一个人的社会地位，所处的社会场合及交际者相互社会关系也会对他的选词及其后听读者的理解产生很大的影响。
学写日记赞美梅花的成语总之，除了字面意义，翻译者还得考虑语境尤其是上面提到的社会语境因素。在下面的文章里，作者将详细分析社会语境是如何影响语义分析和翻译的。
关键词：（1）语境 （2）文化语境 （3）有关自然的文化 （4）理念文化 （5）历史语境 （6）交际者
Introduction
Eugene Nida once said: “ Translation consists in reproducing in the target language the cl
osest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly in terms of meaning, secondly in terms of styles.” The definition concerns two key points: the grasping of the original message and the expressing of it in the target language. The first is of basic importance and the first step of translation. If one cannot understand the original idea, how can he express it in the target language? How to get the original information well expressed in the target language has become the main controversial issue within the translation field. Anyone having a lot of translation experience will often find it very difficult to deal with due to various factors outside or inside language which obstacle and mislead the translators astray. Here is an example of Chinese – English-Chinese translation:
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