高中英语必修二U5语法——过去分词作状语
一、过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）可用作状语，表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或者伴随情况等。
过去分词（短语）作状语可以转化成状语从句。当过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语保持一致，并且与之构成被动关系。
1. 过去分词（短语）作时间状语。相当于when,while等引导的时间状语从句。
例：Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
= When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
当被问到发生了什么事情的时候，他低下了头。
Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
= When it is seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
从山顶俯瞰，小镇看起来更漂亮。
2. 小儿疝气过去分词（短语）作原因状语。相当于because,since,as等引导的原因状语从句。
例：Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
= As the book is written in simple English, it is easy to read.
这本书是用简易英语写的，所以读起来很容易。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
= As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
由于陷入沉思，他几乎撞到他前面的车。
3. 过去分词（短语）作条件状语。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
例：Given another hour, I could also work out this problem.
= If I were given another hour, I could also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。
Kept in the refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh for several days.
=study的过去分词 If these vegetables are kept in the refrigerator,they will remain fresh for several days. 这些蔬菜如果存放在冰箱里的话，可以保鲜好几天。
4. 过去分词（短语）作让步状语。相当于although,though,even if,even though等引导的让步状语从句。
例：Beaten by the opposing team, we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.
= Though we were beaten by the opposing team, we didn't lose heart and encouraged each other.
虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心并且相互鼓励。
Tortured by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.
= Although he was tortured by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
尽管被敌人严刑拷打，他仍然不透露半点机密。
5. 过去分词（短语）作伴随/方式状语
例：The woman scientist entered the lab,followed by her assistants.
这位女科学家进入了实验室，后面跟着她的助手。
He went into the room, supported by his wife.
在妻子的搀扶下，他走进了房间。（过去分词短语作方式状语）
二、 有时过去分词（短语）作状语，其前可以带有相应的连词when, though, although, as if, as though, if, once, unless, until等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等，以使意思更加明确。
例：This book will sell well when published.
这本书出版后将会畅销。
Even if invited, I won't go.
即使被邀请了，我也不会去的。
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
除非被邀请发言，否则你在会议上应该保持沉默。
三、过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别
2. 现在分词作状语：
(1)主动式(doing / having done)表示的动作与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，被动式(being done / having been done)表示的动作与句子主语之间为被动关系。
(2)时间概念上，一般式(doing / being done)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或
几乎同时发生； 完成式（having done/ having been done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
例：Seen at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.
从远处看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。
(see与句子的主语painting是逻辑上的被动关系)
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher
for help. 由于不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师求助。
(know与句子的主语he是逻辑上的主动关系)
课后练习
一、用过去分词作状语完成句子
1. 如果多给点时间，我们会做得更好。
篮球原地运球
____________________________, we could do it better.
2. 被她的话所鼓舞，他更加努力地工作。
___________________________, he worked harder.
3. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的女儿。
He walked in, __________________________
二、句型转换
1. When it is seen from the top of the hill,the town is more beautiful.
_________________________________________________________
2. Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry.
贫血吃什么药效果好_________________________________________________________
3. If we were given more time,we could finish the job.
_________________________________________________________
4. The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers.
_________________________________________________________
5. When the sentence was translate into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order.
_________________________________________________________
三、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
起死回生的故事1. Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal__________ bacteria ____________ (effect).
2. ____________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected ____________ (arrive) at any time.
3. Children, when _______________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed _____________(enter) the stadium.
4. The research is so well-designed that once _______________(begin) , nothing can ____________(do) to change it.
5. He was seated in the corner of the room, _____________孙骁骁 李响(lose)in thought.
6. When ______________(expose) to danger and conflict, people tend to increase blood pressure.
7. When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed, ________________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
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