蛋糕简笔画
19英语句子成分以及句子结构l练习
主动:主语+及物动词 + 宾语/双宾
被动:主语(宾格--主格)+ be + done by sb
英语句子成分
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.(名词
He likes dancing.(代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语动词(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. (及物动词)study的过去分词
The train left. (不及物动词)
He is asleep. (系动词)
I can speak two different languages.(情态动词+及物动词)
They may be in the classroom. (情态动词+系动词)
He didn’t go to Jane’s birthday party yesterday.(助动词+不及物动词)
扩展:
■动词的分类:
根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词(及物动词vt、不及物动词vi)、系动词、助动词(和行为动词一起构成时态、语态的do, be, have, will等)和情态动词四类。
有些动词是兼类词。如:
We have lunch at 12.
我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)
We have been to New York.
我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)
I am hungry.
我饿了。(am是系动词)
She was beaten on the way home.
她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词)
You needn’t have waited for me.
你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)
The door needs painting.
这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)
■动词的基本形式
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:small反义词
1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work—works, write—writes。
2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为ies,如study—studies。
注:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。
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B. 现在分词的构成
1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study—studying, work—working。
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write—writing, move—moving。
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get—getting, begin—beginning。
4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。
注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic—picnicking。
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成
1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked。
2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced。
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried, study—studied。
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。
注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—
traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic—picnicked。另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。
三、表语(predicative)/主语补语: 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)
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To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)
The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be(是), sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...
More examples:
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
The cloth feels soft.
四、宾语:
1)(及物动词)动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor. (the + adj=某类人)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
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His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to 不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
主补:对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
七、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. 时间