一般现在时和一般过去时
1.满招损,谦受益.Pride hurts, modesty benefits
2.世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获.Nothing is to be got without pain but poverty.
3.伟业非一日之功/冰冻三尺非一日之寒.Rome was not built in a day.
一般现在时
一、 定义与讲解
时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟
师德考核三单变化:雷锋精神图片
1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes
(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks;work---works;get---gets;stay---stays
watch---watches;wish---wishes;fix---fixes; do---does; go---goes; pass---passes
try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies
情况 | 构成方法 | 读音 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加 -s | 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ | swim-swims;help-helps;like-likes |
以辅音字母+o结尾的词 | 加 -es | 读/z/ | goes,does |
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 | 加 -es | 读/iz/ | watches,washes |
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 | 变y 为i再加es | 读/z/ | study-studies |
不规则变化have和be动词 | 变have 为圆的容积计算公式 has变be为am,is,are | have-has be-am,is,are | |
2.不规则变化:
be---- is are have----has
二、一般现在时的用法
1、一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用。
如:I ___________ at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
2、一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。
如:Summer______(follow) spring. 春天之后是夏天。
The sun ____(rise) in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
The earth_____ (move)around the sun .
注意:此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。
如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。
3、一般现在时表示格言或警句。
如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
4、以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
5、在下列情况下表示将来:
1)在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如:I will give it to him as soon as I see him. 我一看见他就交给他。
He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。
Suppose he doesn’t agree,what shall we do?假如他不同意,那怎么办?
I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。
He will continue the work no matter what happens. 不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。
批注:可结合主将从现进行讲解
2)在the more…the more …(越……越……) 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,因为前者相当于条件状语从句。
如:The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。
3)在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
如:Make sure that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。
4)表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语。
如:The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞,一点二十分抵达上海。
批注:只限于少数动词能这样用,如 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open没良心的人等。
一般过去时
一、一般过去时的定义
表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态,过去时间标志词:
(1)yesterday系列:
yesterday, yesterday morning ,yesterday afternoon ,yesterday evening, the day before yesterday
(2)last系列:
last week, last month, last year, last night
(3)ago系列:
two months ago, three years ago
(4)in系列:
in 1990, in 2012
特殊:just now ,in the past等等。
e.g: I was born in 1990.
When did you go to the park?
I went to the park last week.
二、一般过去时的用法
1. 动词过去式的构成规律
1).一般在动词末尾加-ed王羲之的作品,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2).结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3).末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5) .不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________
白牛仔裤worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
加“-ed”后的读音方法
1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。
finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/
2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的,读/d/。
played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/
3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面,读/id/。
wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/
批注:对于不规则动词变化,可以选择孩子会初一或小学已经接触到的不规则动词变化,不要都讲。读音规律,对于掌握好的同学可以拓展。
2. 句式变化
三、一般过去时中应注意的问题
1. 判定是一般过去时后,谓语动词一定要用过去式。
课堂测试
1.I _______(be) at school just now.
2. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
5. He ________ (be) at the camp last week.
批注:根据孩子的实际掌握情况,选择题量。
2. 句式变化中,动词过去时不要忘记还原原形。
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