Flora of China 24: 320–321. 2000.
COSTACEAE
Wu Delin (吴德邻 Wu Te-lin)1; Kai Larsen2
Herbs perennial, terrestrial, not aromatic, with ± fleshy rhizomes. Stems usually simple, often long, terete, sometimes spirally contorted, leafy; secondary branches (if present) breaking through leaf sheaths. Leaves spirally arranged, simple, those toward base of stem usually bladeless; leaf sheath tubular, closed; ligule present; petiole short; leaf blade narrowly to broadly elliptic, rolled longitudinally in bud, glabrous or hairy, margin entire. Inflorescence a conelike spike, terminal on leafy shoots or on separate, short, leafless shoots arising from rhizomes; bracts imbricate, with linear, nectariferous callus below apex, 1- or 2-flowered; bracteoles tubular or folded. Flowers bisexual, epigynous, zygomorphic. Calyx tubular, 2- or 3-lobed or -toothed. Corolla proximally tubular, distally 3-lobed; lobes unequal, imbricate in bud. Staminodes 5, united into a labellum equaling or much longer than corolla, often ± 3-lobed with crisped margin, never deeply lobed. Fertile stamen 1; filament broad; anther borne below apex of filament or at apex with a connective crest, introrse, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferi
or, 2- or 3-loculed; ovules many per locule; placentation axile. Developed style 1, filiform, usually enclosed between anther locules; stigma with or without abaxial appendage. Stylodes 2, reduced to septal, hollow nectaries at apex of ovary, or absent. Fruit a capsule, 2- or 3-valved and dehiscing loculicidally, or indehiscent and breaking up irregularly, apex with persistent calyx. Seeds numerous, black, arillate.
Four genera and ca. 120 species: pantropical with center of diversity in America; one genus and five species (two endemic) in China.
Tsai Hsi-tao & Tong Shao-quan. 1981. Zingiberaceae subfam. Costoideae. In: Wu Te-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 16(2): 148–152.
1. COSTUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:
2. 175
3.
闭鞘姜属 bi qiao jiang shu
Rhizomes horizontal, tuberous. Stems sometimes branched, usually spirally twisted, leafy, rarely plants stemless. Leaf blade ob-long to lanceolate. Inflorescences terminal or lateral on separate, short, leafless shoots arising from rhizomes, conical, densely many flowered; bracts imbricate, 1- or 2-flowered. Calyx 3-lobed or -toothed at apex. Corolla tube equaling or longer than calyx. Labellum obovate, large, margin incurved. Stamen petaloid; anther locules linear. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule, superposed. Style filiform; stigma funnelform. Stylodes absent. Capsule subglobose or ovoid, woody. Seeds many, black; aril lacerate.
About 90 species: tropical and subtropical regions; five species (two endemic) in China.
1a. Inflorescences arising from rhizomes near base of leafy shoots; peduncle 4–13 cm; leaf blade glabrescent on both surfaces ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1. C. tonkinensis 1b. Inflorescences borne at apex of leafy shoots; leaf blade densely hairy abaxially.
2a. Leaf blade densely villous or hirsute abaxially; apex of bracts not sharply pointed, breaking into fibers when old.
3a. Labellum white; bracts oblong; bracteoles narrowly oblong; calyx teeth acute at apex; stamen elli
ptic, apex not convex ................................................................................................................................................ 2. C. oblongus 3b. Labellum pink; bracts ovate or broadly so; bracteoles ovate; calyx teeth rounded at apex; stamen oblong, apex convex ......................................................................................................................................................... 3. C. lacerus 2b. Leaf blade densely sericeous abaxially; apex of bracts sharply pointed, not breaking into fibers when old.
4a. Labellum white; bracts red; stamen urceolate; calyx red, apex with a reddish black, rigid, densely sericeous point ................................................................................................................................................................. 4. C. speciosus 4b. Labellum pink; bracts green; stamen oblong; calyx green, apex with a golden, rigid, glabrescent point .......... 5. C. viridis
1 Herbarium, Department of Taxonomy, South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, People’s Republic of China.
2 Biologisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet, Nordlandsvej 68, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.
1. Costus tonkinensis Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 248. 190
2.
光叶闭鞘姜 guang ye bi qiao jiang
Stems 2–4 m. Branchlets spirally twisted. Leaf blade obo-vate-oblong, 12–20 × 4–8cm,glabrescent, base attenuate or sub-rounded, apex acute. Inflorescences arising from rhizomes, glo-bose or ovoid, ca. 8 cm in diam.; peduncle 4–13 cm; bracts imbricate, oblong, 2.5–4.5 cm, apex sharply pointed; bracteoles 1–1.4 cm, apex sharply pointed. Flowers yellow. Calyx ca. 3 cm, apex slightly widened, 3-toothed; teeth acute at apex. Corolla longer than calyx; lobes linear-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 3.2 cm. Labellum trumpet-shaped, 5–6 cm, base slightly narrowed, margin crisped. Stamen yellowish, petaloid, apex emarginate. Ovary 3-angled. Capsule globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Seeds black. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 18*.
Forest floors. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [Vietnam].
Medicinal.
2. Costus oblongus S. Q. Tong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 291. 1989.
长圆闭鞘姜 chang yuan bi qiao jiang
六一儿童节去哪里玩Stems 1.8–3 m. Leaf sheaths green, apex densely white pubescent and white long ciliate; leaf blade subsessile, elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 18–33 × 6–14 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely villous, base rounded or cuneate, apex acumi-nate. Inflorescences terminal, ovoid or broadly so, 4–13 × 3–9 cm; bracts bright red, oblong, 2.8–4 × 1.2–1.6 cm, densely vill-ous, apex breaking into fibers when old; bracteoles pink, nar-rowly oblong, plicate, ca. 3.2 cm. Calyx pink, ca. 2 cm, densely pubescent, apex 3-toothed; teeth acute and ciliate at apex. Co-rolla tube white, ca. 1 cm; lobes subequal, central one elliptic, ca. 4.5 × 2.2 cm, apex red spotted. Labellum white, trumpet-shaped, 5–6 cm in diam., margin crisped. Stamen elliptic, ca.
工作语言4.5 × 1.5 cm; anther narrowly elliptic, inserted distally on sta-men. Ovary red, densely white hairy. Fl. Aug.
雇佣人生• Forest margins; ca. 1200 m. S Xizang, W Yunnan.
3. Costus lacerus Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 261. 1903.
莴笋花 wo sun hua
Costus chinensis T. L. Wu & S. J. Chen.
Stems 1–2 m. Leaf sheaths hirsute when young, glabres-cent when old, apex ciliate; leaf blade subsessile, elliptic or lan-ceolate-oblong, 25–35 × 7–13 cm, adaxially glabrescent, abaxi-ally hirsute, base attenuate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal, ovoid, 6–11 × 4.5–7.5 cm; bracts ovate or broadly so, 3–5 × 1.5–2 cm, hirsute, breaking into fibers when old; bracteoles ovate. Flowers pink. Calyx oblong, ca. 3 cm, split to base on 1 side, apex 3-toothed; teeth ca. 1.5 × 1 cm, yellow, rounded, and hirsute at apex. Corolla tube ca. 1.5 cm; lobes oblong, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 cm. Labellum pink, trumpet-shaped, ca. 9 × 6–7 cm, mar-gin crisped. Stamen petaloid, oblong, ca. 5 × 1.2 cm, apex con-vex. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 cm, hirsute, dehiscing loculici-dally, apex with persistent calyx. Seeds black. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 18*.
Moist places in forests; 1100–2200 m. Guangxi, Xizang,Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Sikkim, N Thailand].
4. Costus speciosus (J. König)Smith, Trans. Linn.Soc. London 1: 249. 1791.
闭鞘姜 bi qiao jiang
Banksea speciosa J. König in Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 75. 1783; Costus formosanus Nakai.
Stems 1–3 m, base slightly woody, apex branched and spirally twisted when old. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate, 15–20 × 6–10 cm, abaxially densely sericeous, base subrounded, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Inflores-cences terminal, ellipsoid or ovoid, 5–15 cm; bracts bright red, ovate, ca. 2 cm, leathery, pubescent, apex sharply pointed; brac-teoles pale red, 1.2–1.5 cm. Calyx red, 1.8–2 cm, leathery, apex 3-lobed; lobes reddish black, rigid, and densely sericeous at apex. Corolla tube ca. 1 cm; lobes oblong-elliptic, ca. 5 cm, apex white or red. Labellum white, trumpet-shaped, 6.5–9 cm, apex toothed and crisped, with edges overlapping. Stamen peta-loid, white with orange-yellow base, urceolate, ca. 4.5 × 1.3 cm, pubescent. Capsule red, globose,ca. 1.5 cm,slightly woody. Seeds black, glossy, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 18, 27*, 36.
进度计划表Forest margins, moist places in valleys, roadsides; near sea level to 1700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cam-bodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philip-pines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
Medicinal.
5. Costus viridis S.Q.Tong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 289. 1989. 绿苞闭鞘姜 lu bao bi qiao jiang
Stems 2–3 cm. Leaf sheaths green, white sericeous; leaf blade subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 24–30 ×
6–9 cm, adaxially glabrescent, abaxially densely sericeous, base cuneate or round-ed, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, broadly ovoid, ca. 6 × 5 cm; bracts imbricate, green, ovate or broadly so, 3.5–4 × 1.8–2.4 cm, leathery, margin membranous, apex brown, sharply pointed; bracteoles ovate, ca. 2.5 cm. Calyx green, ca. 2 cm, leathery, apex 3-lobed; lobes deltoid, golden, rigid, and glabrescent at apex. Corolla tube white, ca. 1 cm; lobes pink, central one elliptic, ca. 6 × 3.2 cm, lateral one ovate. Labellum pink, trumpet-shaped, 5–5.5 cm in diam., margin crisped. Stamen oblong, ca. 5 × 1.8 cm, glabrescent with pub-escent abaxial part. Ovary green, glabrescent. Fl. Jun.
小学生计划表• Moist places in forests;ca. 1000 m. W Yunnan(Wanding Zhen).
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