2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）
Part I Writing(30minutes)
Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.
Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.
Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.
1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.
2.A)He called the police after the accident.
B)He broke his arm in the accident.
C)He was caught taking drugs.
D)He was arrested by the police.
Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.
3.A)A cure to brain cancer.
B)A new surgical instrument.
C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.
D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.
4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.
B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.
C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.
D)Using the new device in brain surgery.
Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.
5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.
B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.
6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.
C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.
7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.
B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.
Section B
Directions：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you
will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.
Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.
C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.
9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.
C)The market they target.D)The language they require.
10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.
C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.
11.A)The salary and the workload.
B)The office hour and the penalty system.
C)The welfare and the holiday system.
D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.
Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A)Double-decker buses.
B)The traffic in London.
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C)Bus routes.
D)Travels in Britain.
工商局改革13.A)It has no windows.
B)People get onto it at the front.
C)It has two carriages.
宝莲灯植物D)It is open at the back.
14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.
15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.
B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.
C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.
D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.
Section C
Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A)They had four toes.
B)They were not as big as dogs.
C)They lived in South America.
D)They lived in thick forests.
17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.
B)They were smaller and had front eyes.
C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.
D)They were bigger and had long legs.
18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.
B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.
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C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.
D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.
Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.
B)Staying away from his native land.
C)Adapting to new study expectations.泰山诗句
D)Keeping a balance between study and job.
20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.
B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.
21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.
B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.
Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.
22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.
B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.
23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.
C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.
24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.
B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.
C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.
D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.
25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.
B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.
PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions26to35are based on the following passage.
A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.
“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”
The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.
A)absorb I)limited
B)abundant J)minimize
C)billed K)occasionally
D)decline L)optimizes
E)diminishes M)rate
F)expansion N)remedial
G)expense O)ultimately
H)intensifying
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One
[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.
[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the
assumption goes.
[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.
[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”
[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.
[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.
[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.
[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.
[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.
[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(
R.E.M.)sleep.
[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associative
thinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.
[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.
[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.
[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve
woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”
[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.
[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”
[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.罐头怎么打开
[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”
[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.
[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;
Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.
Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs
Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.
36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article in
Nature Neuroscience.
37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle their
weariness during the day.
38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technology
makes us accessible24/7.
39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided in
workplace.
40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learning
ability according to Dr.Mednick.
41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improved
productivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.
42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.