1.设计简述:(简要说明设计的指导思想、理论依据和特⾊,不超过800字)
本节课教学内容和教学⽬标及教学重难点的设定都是以英语《课程标准》为准则,从学⽣的已有知识⽔平出发,并以交际法语⾔教学为理论依据。语⾔学习的过程是⼀种发现语⾔规则并创造性地活⽤这些规则的过程,任何⼈类语⾔的交际活动都离不开⼀定的语⾔环境。语⾔学家布鲁姆指出:“成功的外语课堂教学,应在课内创造更多真实的⽣活情景,让学⽣有机会运⽤⾃⼰学到的语⾔材料”。因此,运⽤交际法进⾏英语教学,⾸先要努⼒创设真实⾃然的社会语⾔情景。不仅要借助⼿式、动作、表情、实物、图⽚等⼿段为学⽣创设贴近教材内容的直观情景,⽽且要⽤语⾔的声调、节奏、情感等描述创设⾔语情景。在本堂课的设计中也是充分体现了这点。在教授有关疾病的单词时,我就借助绷带,通过绷带绑的不同位置来解决单词。某些绷带⽆法表⽰的疾病如cough, cold等就通过形象⽣动的肢体语⾔来展⽰。其次,交际法教学强调“以任务为本,以学⽣为中⼼”的语⾔教学实践,要求根据显⽰⽣活中对英语的实际需求,模拟各种⽣活语境,情境,为学⽣提供综合运⽤英语语⾔,进⾏交际活动的机会,它注重的不仅是语⾔在形式,语法上的准确性,更强调语⾔使⽤的得体性,可⾏性,交际的技巧性,以及训练学⽣在交际活动中的应变及解决问题的能⼒。因此在本堂课中,为了训练⽬标语⾔,我设置了各种不同的任务让学⽣来操练⽬标语⾔,并在课堂的最后让学⽣扮演医⽣和病⼈,模拟看病的过程,让学⽣在交际的同时,体验⽣活。通过这个活动,把⽣活中的交际场合搬进课堂,使课堂变为⼀种具体的社会交往环境,使教学过程成为教师与学⽣之间的⼀个交际过程。这⼤⼤地增强了学⽣的兴趣。交际法教学让学⽣参与,有时伴有情景或模拟场景,这样让学⽣更能贴近⽣活,学⽣成了主⾓,⾃然⽽然地他们就对英语感兴趣,把学英语当作⼀种乐趣。
2.教材分析:
(1)根据《课程标准》,分析本课教学的基本要求
(2)分析本课内容的知识体系(地位和作⽤)
(3)分析本课内容与相关知识的区别和联系
(4)说明教学内容的调整、整合、解构和补充
本课是⼀堂⼝语课,学习对象为⼋年级⽣。根据《课程标准》的四级⽬标,能引出话题并进⾏⼏个回合的交谈,如能和他⼈结对活动询问⾝体情况;能在教师的指导下参与⾓⾊扮演活动,如能利⽤教师所提供的医疗⽤具,根据教师的亲⾝⽰范,以及课件上所展⽰的⽬标语⾔四⼈⼩组扮演医⽣和病⼈。本课的话题选⾃⼋年级(上)Unit2 What’s the matter? Section A。在学习了⾝体各部分单词的基础上,要求学⽣学会谈论⾃⼰及他⼈的健康状况,了解基本的医学常识,懂得常见病的基本处理⽅式,并能针对健康问题提出⾃⼰的建议。有利于提⾼青少年了解常见的基本卫⽣知识,促使他们养成良好的卫⽣习惯,增强⾃我保护和防范能⼒。本课的核⼼语⾔项⽬是 “Ask and answer about health”。学会⽤ “What’s the matter?” 来询问他⼈⾝体状况。通过教师丰富的肢体语⾔和绷带的使⽤让学⽣了解本课的教学重点-疾病的表达⽅式,从视觉上激起了学⽣的好奇⼼和求知欲。通过结对练习,游戏和⾓⾊扮演等多种任务的训
练巩固所学的基础语⾔材料:I have a … You should/shouldn’t…由于本节课是⼀节⼝语课,我们教材内容进⾏了适当的整合,以使教学内容更加符合学⽣的需要和贴近学⽣的实际⽣活。我们删除了材料中的听⼒部分,只保留了2a⾥⾯关于疾病的和针对相关疾病给出建议的单词。为了体现课堂的完整性和语⾔的真实性,我们还对教材做了⼀定的补充如:增加了两个关于疾病的单词:cold和cough。对3a的对话做了少许修改及扩充,从原材料的提⼀个建议修改为提多个建议,并视学⽣⾃⼰⽔平进⾏适当扩充,使其更贴近实际,让学⽣有更多发挥的空间,创造⼝语练习的条件。
亮点与反思:
我从学⽣特点出发,根据教学内容,设计了⼀个与学⽣⽣活贴近的任务,让学⽣在交流中合作完成⾓⾊扮演医⽣和病⼈的任务。这种亲⾝体验的⽅式把学⽣吸引到语⾔学习的交流活动中来,引起他们的注重⼒和学习爱好,因此学⽣交流参与会⽐较积极和成功。课堂教学是⼀个动态过程,根据学⽣知识的实际需要,随时做出富有创意的调整,将学⽣的体验有机地融⼊课堂中,并不断⽣成创造和加以运⽤,让学⽣在互动交流中获得独特的体验,在亲⾝体验中⽣成新知识,新经验,在体验中感悟语⾔。因此在本节课中我们对教材内容做了相应的整合和补充。
3.学情分析:
(1)分析学⽣的学习起点,可能遇到的困难和问题及其依据
(2)确定促进学⽣有效学习,解决困难的思路和策略。
⼋年级是学习英语的关键时期,这个阶段的学⽣活泼、好奇⼼和求知欲望强。⽐如像本课所涉及的有关健康的话题是他们之前从未接触过的,因此,他们渴望⽤英语来表达。另外,⼋年级学⽣的⼼理特点反映在学习英语的能⼒上,他们模仿和记忆的能⼒特别强。学⽣的发⾳器官很灵敏,⽿朵辨⾳的能⼒强,⼝⾆也能灵活准确地模仿各种发⾳。⼋年级学⽣的记忆以具体形象记忆为主,并习惯于机械性记忆初中⽣理解和分析语⾔的能⼒相对来说较弱。在知识积累⽅⾯,学⽣已经掌握了⼀定的词汇和句型,对语⾔学习的热情也逐步增加。他们更感兴趣的是如何⽤英语来表述与现实⽣活息息相关的话题并寻求合理的解决办法。本课通过表述⾝体的各种不适和谈论个⼈健康问题,使学⽣学会关⼼⾃⾝及他⼈⾝体健康并且能提出⼀些建议,同时让学⽣了解“a healthy lifestyle”的重要性。但是由于学⽣年龄和⽣活经验的限制,在谈论如何给合适的建议时,会遇到⼀定的困难。因此,在教学过程中,利⽤图⽚、肢体语⾔,给予学⽣直观的感受,并灵活运⽤绷带和⽩⼤褂等教具,创设真实的情境。除此之外,教师要给学⽣适时⽽恰当的⿎励。学⽣在课堂上的发⾔,教师都要尽⼒加以表扬,⿎励,多运⽤积极的⿎励性语⾔,
如“Believe yourself !”,“Good”, “Well done!”等。对于学⽣在⼝语练习中出现的错误,不必有错就纠,有错必纠,使学⽣产⽣“跃跃欲试”的冲动,享受成功的喜悦。
亮点与反思:
教师对学⽣的主体意识的尊重尤其重要。教师要把每个学⽣当作⼀个具有独特经验和情感态度的⼈,与学⽣建⽴⼀种真诚平等,信任的相互关系,在教学中关注学⽣的亲历亲为,实际上是对学⽣⾃主性、创造的尊重。对于学⽣在课堂上的表现教师要时时⽤积极的语⾔予以肯定和⿎励,这正是罗森塔尔效应即教师期望效应的有效体现。
4、教学⽬标设计:
⽤具体、明确、可操作的⾏为语⾔,描述本课的知识、技能、能⼒、⽅法、情感、态度、价值观等⽅⾯的教学⽬标。Objectives:
By the end of the session, most students will be better able to acquire the required information. This will be achieved by:
1. Knowledge Objectives:
1) Be able to master the pronunciation, meaning and spelling of the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, sore back; stomachache, headache, toothache, cold, cough;
2) Be able to learn the expressions of giving advice: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, take this medicine;
3) Be able to talk about health problems by using “What’s the matter? I have a…” and give advice by using “You should…You shouldn’t…”
2. Ability Objectives:
1) Be able to talk about one’s health problems and give advice fluently;
2) Be able to role play doctor and patient;
3. Moral Objectives:
1) Improve the cooperative spirit through pair work and role playing
2) Care more about yourself and your family members’ health.
5.重点难点设计:本课的教学重点和教学难点及依据
由于本节课的话题是谈论健康,根据教学⼤纲的要求,学⽣需掌握有关疾病的单词,并能针对疾病提出合理的建议。因此本节课教学重点设置如下:
The teaching Focus
1. Master the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, sore back; stomachache, headache, toothache, cold, cough;
2. Master the expressions of giving advice: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, take this medicine;
3.Talk about health problems by using “What’s the matter? I have a…” and give advice by using “You should… You shouldn’t…”
本节课的内容是之前学⽣没有接触过的,因此他们没有⼀定的知识储备。让他们在45分钟内掌握较多单词的发⾳及意思有⼀定的难度。另外,由于⼋年级学⽣年龄和⽣活经验的限制,在谈论如何给合适的建议时,会遇到⼀定的困难。因此本节课的教学难点设置如下:
The Teaching Difficulties
1. Students may find it difficult to remember all the target new words in the class;
2. Students may find it difficult to give appropriate advice to the certain disease because of their limited life experience.
6.教学策略与⼿段:本课教学中所运⽤的教学模式、教学策略和教学⼿段,包括课前准备:(1)学⽣的学习准备;2.教师的教学准备;3.教学环境的设计与布置;4.教学⽤具的设计和准备。
《英语课程标准》明确指出:英语教学提倡体验、实践、参与、交流与合作的学习⽅式,要使学⽣尽可能多地从不同渠道,以不同⽅式接触和学习英语,亲⾝感受和直接体验语⾔运⽤语⾔。在英语教学中,要关注学⽣的体验,创设和优化英语教学环境,使学⽣在互动中交流语⾔,在体验中⽣成知识,使语⾔学习转变成⼀种创造和运⽤语⾔的体验过程。因此本课遵循体验式英语教学模式,使得教师输⼊和学⽣输出科学地结合起来,从⽽实现以学⽣为中⼼、培养学⽣⾃主学习能⼒的教学理念和提⾼学⽣跨⽂化交际能⼒的最终教学⽬标。此外本课还结合了情景教学模式。即通过灵活运⽤绷带、听诊器、⽩⼤褂等⽤具营造出医院的真实情景,开展活动,提⾼学⽣参与教学活动的兴趣,引导学⽣在真实的情境以及体验、实践、参与、合作和交流中积极主动运⽤语⾔。另外本课还倡导任务型教学⽅式。任务型教学就是以具体的任务为学习动⼒或动机,以完成任务的过程为学习的过程,以展⽰任务成果的⽅式来体现教学的成就。在设计任务时,我们还注重发觉学⽣的童趣童真,讲究教学任务的趣味性和多样性,如男⼥⽣PK、结对活动、猜测游戏、⾓⾊扮演等多种形式的任务,引导学⽣在轻松愉快的环境中合作学习语⾔,培养学⽣综合运⽤语⾔的能⼒。除此之外,在本节课中,我们还利⽤了有关疾病的丰富的图⽚,帮助巩固复习新单词,并以此引⼊另⼀话题-提供建议。另外,在配对游戏环节中,我们还需准备两个袋⼦,分别装有各种疾病和建议的纸条,以供男⼥⽐赛使⽤。
7. 教学过程:这是教学设计的主体部分。分⼏个环节具体说明教学活动的安排,包括学⽣学习活动、教师指导活动、师⽣交互活动。应采⽤⽂字叙述加点评的格式,不要采⽤表格或流程图的形式。
Step1 Warming up
Greet Ss by asking them: How are you today? Then I’ll tell Ss that I’m not feeling well today (Write the sentence on the blackboard and guide Ss to read it.) and get Ss to guess the reason freely. If Ss can’t get the answer, I’ll tell them that I didn’t have a good sleep last night. So I have a headache. (I say this by doing a gesture)
设计说明:通过师⽣间的问候,拉近彼此的距离,使学⽣快速融⼊英语课堂。要求学⽣猜测⽼师⾝体不适的原因,从⽽激发学⽣的背景知识,并为之后的知识输⼊做好铺垫。
Step2: Presentation of words about diseases
1. Show Ss a bandage and tell them there is something wrong in the place where the bandage lies. Then get Ss to guess the health problems. When I do an action, ask Ss: “What’s the matter?”(write it on the blackboard) For example, when I put the bandage on the stomach, ask Ss: “What’s the matter with me?” Help Ss say: “I’m not feeling well. I have a stomachache.”Then teach the other target words:
fever, sore throat, toothache, sore back in the following way: Put the bandage on the other part of body and get students to ask: What’s the matter? Then get other Ss to guess the problem.初中英语教学设计
2. Use body language to guide Ss to guess another two names of diseases: cold, cough.
3. Show Ss pictures of diseases half hidden, and get Ss to guess the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, toothache, sore back, cold, cough.
设计说明:⽼师在课堂上出⽰医疗⽤具-绷带,能充分唤起学⽣的好奇⼼,
使其积极地参与到教学活动中。通过绷带所绑的不同位置和肢体语⾔,⾃然地引出有关疾病的单词。这种教学单词的⽅式简单⽽且直观,更易被学⽣接受。⼋年级学⽣喜欢猜测的活动,所以,运⽤半遮图⽚可以让学⽣巩固所学的单词。
Step3: Pair work
Put the bandage on the part of a student’s body and ask: “What’s matter?” and guide him to use the pattern: I’m not feeling well. I have a… Then ask Ss to work in pairs and talk about health problems by using the bandage given and using the target language: What’s the matter? I’m not feeling well. I have a …
设计说明:⼋年级学⽣的表演欲望强,所以,在结对活动中,为每⼀⼩组提供绷带,这样可以激发学⽣的参与性,扩⼤参与⾯,使更多的学⽣开⼝说英语。
Step4 Presentation of expressions of giving advice
1. Tell Ss that I have a cold/cough, ask them: What should I do? Ss may give different answers, collect their answers and help them to use: You should/shouldn’t do… Then show some pictures of other diseases mentioned before and ask them to give advice to each problem by using target language: You should/shouldn’t do… During this activity, some phrases will be learned: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, drink lots of water, take some medicine.
2. Show Ss two bags. In one bag, there are pieces of paper with problems while in the other one, there are pieces of paper with advice. Have a competition between boys and girls. Take turns to get paper. For example, one boy gets one paper with problem, and one girl get one paper with advice. The girl should say: What’s the matter with you? The boy should answer the question according to the problem he got by saying: I’m not feeling well. I have a…If the girl got the right advice, she should answer it according to her paper: You should… If it is not, she should say: You shouldn’t, then give the right advice. The one who makes right sentence can get one point.
设计说明:向学⽣展现有关疾病的图⽚,这样不仅可以帮助学⽣复习新知,⽽且还可以⾃然地引⼊新的话题— 针对疾病给建议。然后,通过在男⼥间开展说疾病给建议的配对游戏,激发学⽣的参与热情,并巩固句型。同时,使学⽣增长相关常识,加强健康意识。
Step5 Making a conversation
Show Ss the picture in Section A 3a, ask them to look at the picture, and suppose they are the doctor, what they will ask the patient. Collect Ss’ answers and lead in the sentence: When did it start? Show the sample dialogue and ask Ss to complete it according to the picture orally.
A: What’s the matter with you?
B: I’m not feeling well. I have a _______.
A: When did it start?
B: About______ ago.
A: Oh, that’s too bad. / I’m sorry to hear that. You should/shouldn’t ________ and you should/shouldn’t ________...
B: Yes, I think so.
A: _________________.
B: Thank you, doctor.
设计说明:通过教材中的图⽚复习⽬标语⾔。另外,通过让学⽣⾃由讨论,扩充医⽣与病⼈的对话,这样使英语对话更加完整,更加贴近实际,也为下⼀步骤的⾓⾊扮演活动降低了难点,做了充分的铺垫,使学⽣感到有话可说。
Step6 Role playing
Ask Ss to make a four -people group, one of them is a doctor, the other three are patients. Ask the Ss to role play the dialogue above. Then ask several groups to perform before the class by using some tools: bandage, a uniform, a stethoscope. Ask other Ss to select the best doctor and the best patient.
设计说明:这⼀活动是对⽬标语⾔的进⼀步运⽤。通过医⽣和病⼈的⾓⾊扮演,营造出真实的情境,这样可以有效的提⾼学⽣对英语⼝语表达的兴趣。另外,这也是⽼师对学⽣本节课所学知识的⼀种检测。
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亮点与反思:
英语课程改⾰的重点是改变英语课程过分强调语⾔运⽤能⼒的培养的倾向,强调课程以学⽣的学习爱好、⽣活经验和熟悉⽔平出发,使语⾔学习过程成为学⽣积极的情感体验,主动思维和⼤胆实践,形成⾃主学习能⼒的过程。学英语不仅要⽤脑⼦去思考,⽽且要⽤⾃⼰的眼睛去看英语情境,⽤⾃⼰的⽿朵去听英语的语⾳,听对⽅讲的话,⽤⾃⼰的嘴去说英语,以姿势助说话,⽤英语跟别⼈交流,⽤英语做事情,⽤⾃⼰的⼼灵去亲⾃感悟英语,感悟⽂化,培养语感,培养⽤英语交际的能⼒。因此在本节课的设计中,我们以任务型教学模式为指导,创设各种情境,让学⽣在体验中获得成功。
8.板书设计
Unit2 What’s the matter?
problem What’s the matter?
I’m not feeling well. I have a …: fever, sore throat, sore back; stomachache, headache,
toothache, cold, cough
advice: You should/shouldn’t do …: lie down and rest; drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist,
take some medicine
亮点与反思:
该板书较完整地体现了本节课所要呈现的新知,包括表⽰疾病和建议的重点句型以及词汇,条理清晰。
9.作业设计
1. Give advice to the following problems as much as possible: sore throat, toothache, headache, cold. Choose one to make a dialogue with your partner.
亮点与反思:
英语课程的最终⽬标是⽤英语去做事。学⽣只有将所学的语⾔知识应⽤于现实⽣活中,才能使语⾔知识得到巩固发展和深化,并逐渐养成良好的语⾔学习习惯。因此教师的教学应转向学⽣的⽣活领域拓展、延伸,让学⽣在⽇常⽣活的特定情景中探索,
⾃主地运⽤所学语⾔知识、语⾔技能来独⽴解决⾃⼰遇到的各种实际问题。因此在课后作业⽅⾯我们要求学⽣在课后为所给的疾病提供建议,并进⾏结对活动,设计对话。这不仅有效地复习了课堂中所学的新知,⽽且延伸了话题,为学⽣提供了更好的⼝语练习的平台,使⽬的语交际不再局限于短短四⼗五分钟的课堂。让知识来源于⽣活,回归⽣活,并为⽣活服务。
10.问题研讨:提出2-3个与本课设计相关的、值得反思和讨论的问题。
1. 在英语⼝语教学中如何通过拓宽学⽣的知识⾯、深化思维、锻炼他们的语⾔能⼒,培养他们的思辨能⼒与创造能⼒,提⾼学⽣英语交际能⼒?
2. 如何帮助学困⽣在有限的课堂时间内树⽴英语信⼼,消除他们开⼝难、怕说错的顾虑?