高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题
㈠ 高考短文改错命题焦点:
短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文,有时也用说明文。在100词左右的短文中设有十个小题,该题的设计形式有四种:
1.该行错一个词,出来并改正。
2.该行多一个词,出来并去掉。
3.该行缺一个词,补上一词。
4.该行没错,不改动。
从近几年的高考题来看,这四种形式的考查情况大致为:多一词1~2处;缺一词1~2处;正确1处;错一词5~6处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说,这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句,句不离篇,要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础,
就为正确地解题准备了条件。
㈡ 短文改错解题技巧:
⒈快速阅读掌握大意。
短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍,了解其大意,这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系,对时态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误,一行无错,如发现并纠正错误,首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解,阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语,注意句子中的名词、数词,以及其他词性的语法要求,注意句子之间的逻辑关系,注意段落的主旨内容,注意整篇短文的中心内容,这样才更加有效地完成改错。
⒉ 在改错过程中,
要结合上下文语境来观察,不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则,对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误,应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误,有无语法修饰上的错误,有无惯用法方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误,则分别检查时态、人称,单复数,主谓一致等各项。
⒊ 检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处,看看是否关联词有问题。
⒋ 整篇做完后,认真检查一遍,注意其中逻辑关系是否合理,时态人称等是否 一致。
㈢ 短文改错常见考点:
⒈ 多一词:
抽象名词前多一冠词:
如:
Modern people know more about the health.(去掉the )
专有名词前多一冠词:
如:
the England(去掉the ), the Hebei Province(去掉the ), the Beijing Airport(去掉the )
固定词组中名词前多一冠词:
如:
go to the school(去掉the ), go to the prison(去掉the ),at the work(去掉the ), in the bed(去掉the ), go to the hospital(去掉the ), set a fire to sth (去掉a)., at the first(去掉the ), the most of them(去掉the ),at the noon(去掉the ), make a rapid progress(去掉a ),a plenty of(去掉a )
表示交通工具的和by连用的名词前多一冠词:
如:
经典短文 by the air(去掉the ), by the bus(去掉the ), by the ship(去掉the )
表示体育活动的名词前;
如:
play the football(去掉the ), play the basketball(去掉the )
表示节日(常含有Day)的名词前多一冠词:
如:
the National Day(去掉the ), the May Day(去掉the )
表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词:
如:
He is the most hardworking. (去掉the )
某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词:
如:
A child as he is, he knows a lot. (去掉a )
在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词:
如:
on one day(去掉on ), on that evening(去掉on ), in every week(去掉in)
某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词;
如:
①raise up one’s hand(去掉up )
②pick(摘)up apples(去掉up )
③return back(回来) (去掉back)
④repeat again(去掉again)
⑤play with them in the match(去掉with )
⑥marry with the man(去掉with )
⑦serve for the people(去掉for )
⑧enter into the room(去掉into)
⑨I learn English every day to improve it better(去掉better ).
表示地点的副词前多一介词:
如:
①go to there(去掉to )
②drive to home(去掉to)
③return to home(去掉to )
某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词:
如:
①because of his left leg was broken(去掉of)
②instead of he developed his love for the theatre(去掉of )
③I looked at but could see nothing. (去掉at)
④join in the army(去掉in )
状语从句和主句间多一并列连词:
如:
①Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. (去掉but )
②As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday. (去掉so)
充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词:
如:
①Her husband died, and leaving her three children. (去掉and )
②He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. (去掉and )
作定语的分词前多一代词:
如:
①The child who reading a book is her brother. (去掉who)
②How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. (去掉which )
定语从句中多一代词:
如:
①The film that I saw it yesterday is good. (去掉it )
②This is the very book that I am looking for it. (去掉it )
③He is the man we talked about him. (去掉him )
在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词:
如:
①While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground. (去掉waiting前的I )
②If it heated, ice turns to water. (去掉it)
在某些固定结构中多了“to”,
如:
①I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you. (去掉第一个to)
②Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? (去掉to )
③She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. (去掉to )
④You had better not to go there. (去掉to )
⑤I made them to do the cleaning. (去掉to )
⑥I had him to clean the room. (去掉to )
⑦We noticed him to walk out of the garden. (去掉to )
⑧I often hear her to sing the song. (去掉to )
⒉ 缺一词:
表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词:
如:
A/The ∧horse is a useful animal.
单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词,
如:
①There is a∧ library in every town in Britain.
②Good health is a∧ person’s most valuable possession.
特指名词前缺定冠词the ,
如:
①Have you read the∧ books by Mark Twain?
②The book on the∧ desk is mine.
作状语的动词不定式缺 “to”,
如:
①David and I want to go off to∧ find help…
②…and other organizations are working to∧ improve health all over the world.
形容词最高级前缺定冠词the ,
如:
one of the∧ earliest kinds of money
such或so与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词,
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