复合句
---名词性从句 、定语从句、状语从句
名词性从句
从句 | 定义 |
主语从句 | 在复合句中作主句的主语 |
表语从句 | 在复合句中作表语 |
宾语从句 | 在复合句中作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语 |
同位语从句 | 在复合句中作同位语，常位于：fact / news / idea / truth / hope /problem / information / promise / suggestion 等名词后，说明该名词的具体内容 |
☛连接词分为从属连词，连接代词和连接副词。
连接词 | 有词义 | 担任成分 | |
从属连词 | that(可省) （宾从的主语是that 两个或多个宾从并列时，第一个可省） if / whether | 无 有 | 否 否 |
连接代词 | Who/whom/ whose what / which | 有 | 主语/表语 宾语/定语 |
连接副词 | when / where why /how | 有 | 状语 |
1.由从属连词引导
→A. Whether he will come or not is not yet known.
→B.The trouble is that he has never done the work before.
→C.I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for peoples health.
→D.I wonder whether it is true or not.
→E. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.
2.由连接代词引导
→A. Whoever is here gets a prize.
→B. GuiLin is not what it used to be.
→C. I wonder what has happened to him.
3.由连接副词引导
→A. Where he has been is still a puzzle.
→B. That is why he did not pass the exam.
→C. Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong?
→D.I have no idea when he will be back.
4.it 作为形式主语代表主语从句/作为形式宾语代表宾语从句（及物动词+it +宾语补足语+宾语从句）
→A. It doesn`t matter whether he will come or not .
→B. I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan .
→C. We think it possible that young people master at least two foreign languages.
5.介词后的宾语从句
→Tom is a nice boy ,except that he is sometimes late for school.
→It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.
6. 某些形容词后的宾语从句
→ I am anxious that he will be able to pass the exam.
→Mother was very pleased that her son had passed the national college entrance exam.
7. 宾语从句特点
→从句时态取决于主句的时态
→从句用陈述句语序
→否定转移（主句的主语为第一人称，动词是“think/ believe / suppose”时，宾从的否定词转移到主句中，主句谓语动词用否定式，宾从谓语动词用肯定）
主句 | 从句 |
现在时 （一般现在时/现在完成时） | 任何时态 |
过去时 | 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 表示“真理”时用现在时 |
→I doubt whether he is telling the truth.
→She has told me that she has never been to the Great Wall.
→My grandpa told me that the earth is round .
→She hesitated whether she would take our advice.
→I don`t think he had been wrong .
8. 宾语从句转换为简单句的规则
主语 一致 | to do 介宾 | They haven`t decided when they will discuss the problem. when ________________________. |
order expect warn prove request | to do (作宾补) | The manager ordered that she should finish the work before noon. ordered ______________________________ . |
see feel hear notice find | to do (表示动作全过程的结束) doing/done (正在发生或被动) | He heard that someone was knocking at the window. someone ________________________. We found that the classroom was thoroughly cleaned. ______________________________ . |
mind suggest forget remember consider | 动名词短语 动名词复合结构 | Do you mind if I go to the concert tonight? my going to the concert tonight? I remember that I have seen the film . having seen the film. |
insist dream be+形容词 | 动词+介词+动名词 be +形+介词+动名词 | He insisted that he should do it in his own way . ______________________________ . Frank was afraid that he would be scolded by his father. ______________________________ . |
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