动名词与现在分词都是针对动词而言,其中动名词具有名词的特性,可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词可充当宾补,表语,定语和状语
(1)动名词作宾语(特殊)
下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。
下列动词短语接动名词:leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。
介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。
(2)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when, while等)
Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.
Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.
原因状语
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note
伴随状语
The girls came in, following their parents.
结果状语
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.
suggest的名词
注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
(3)现在分词作表语,S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动,主语是物
(4)现在分词作宾补,S.+          + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
动名词是动词作名词
而动词ing则多数是表示现在进行时
要区别它们就要看句子成分,句子明显缺动词的.那么它就是动词ing形式
相反,例如一个短语后面要用名词的,那么它后面的(动词ing)就是动名词
现在分词,一般用作状语或定语,修饰谓语动词或者全句。
动名词跟现在分词拼法一样,但是作用不一:
a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的baby) baby可以睡觉--动作性--现在分词
a sleeping car.(卧车)              车不可以睡觉--名词性---动名词