专题10  定语从句
    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）
一 易错题类型
【易错题01】 语法填空中关系词的误用
1. 【 2022新高考I卷 】  The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】 that
【错误分析】 长难句中无法判断定语从句，导致误用别的各类连词；that与which的区别不清。
【解题思路】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.【 2022全国甲卷 】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【错误分析】不看意思，只凭借空格前有逗号，逗号后用which的错误经验主义。
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，
指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。
3.【 2021新课标II卷 】I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【答案】that/which
【错误分析】 只看先行词表地点，而没有注重关系词在从句中的句子成分。
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
【易错题02】 书面表达中定语从句的错误用法
1. I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite.
【答案】 them改为which
【错误分析】从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。
【写作思路】 两个主谓结构之间需要使用连词，此处为关系代词在从句中作宾语，同时引导定语从句。
2. Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
【答案】  inviting
【错误分析】 未能完善定语从句的句子成分，误把介词against当做动词。
【解题思路】 介词against不能作谓语。更正为：Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
3. As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
【答案】去掉and
【错误分析】 为理解As为关系代词，引导定语从句。
【解题思路】 关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。
【名师点津】定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。
二 举一反三
1. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
2. In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。
3. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
4. In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
5. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
6. They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
备战高考7. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8. The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
三 易错题通关
1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _______lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】who
【解析】考査定语从句。空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句, 先行词指人,故用who。
2.I prefer to work in black and white,_______ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.
【答案】which
【解析】考査非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语,先行词指代前面的整个句子。
3.We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark ________what is true as well as good.
【答案】which
【解析】句意:我们应该用积极的态度对待我们的学习, 努力获得真实而又优异的成绩. 此处应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,修饰先行词mark,且关系代词在从句中作主语。