英语中的现在时态语法概述
英语中的现在时态语法是英语学习的基础,也是很多学生感到困惑的地方。本文将介绍英语中的四种现在时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时,以及它们的用法、结构和例句。
一般现在时
有be动词的一般现在时
有be动词的一般现在时用来描述主语的身份、特征、状态或位置等。be动词有三种形式:am, is, are,要根据主语的人称和数来变化。例如:
主语be动词
I am
you are
he/she/it is
we/you/they are
肯定句的结构是:主语 + be + 其他。例如:
I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。
She is happy. 她很开心。
They are in the park. 他们在公园里。
否定句的结构是:主语 + be + not + 其他。例如:
I am not a student. 我不是学生。
He is not sad. 他不难过。
They are not at home. 他们不在家。
be和not可以缩写,例如:
I'm not hungry. 我不饿。
She isn't tired. 她不累。
They aren't late. 他们不迟到。
一般疑问句的结构是:be + 主语 + 其他?例如:
Are you a doctor? 你是医生吗?
Is she angry? 她生气了吗?
Are they from China? 他们来自中国吗?
回答一般疑问句要用yes或no,然后重复主语和be动词,否定句要加not。例如:
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
有行为动词的一般现在时
有行为动词的一般现在时用来描述主语经常或习惯性地做的事情,或者客观事实或自然真理。行为动词要根据主语的人称和数来变化,一般情况下只有第三人称单数要加s或es,其他人称不变。例如:
主语行为动词
I play
you play
he/she/it plays
we/you/they play
肯定句的结构是:主语 + 行为动词 + 其他。例如:
I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。
You speak English well. 你英语说得很好。
He works hard. 他工作努力。
We study every day. 我们每天学习。
否定句的结构是:主语 + do/does + not + 行为动词原形 + 其他。do和does要根据主语的人称和数来变化,一般情况下只有第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。例如:
I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
You don't speak English well. 你英语说得不好。
He doesn't work hard. 他工作不努力。
We don't study every day. 我们不是每天学习。
do/does和not可以缩写,例如:
I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
You don't speak English well. 你英语说得不好。
He doesn't work hard. 他工作不努力。
We don't study every day. 我们不是每天学习。
英语时态总结一般疑问句的结构是:do/does + 主语 + 行为动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Do you like swimming? 你喜欢游泳吗?
Do you speak English well? 你英语说得好吗?
Does he work hard? 他工作努力吗?
Do we study every day? 我们每天学习吗?
回答一般疑问句要用yes或no,然后重复主语和do/does,否定句要加not。例如:
Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Yes, you do. / No, you don't.
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
一般现在时常和表示频率或时间的副词连用,如always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every
day/week/month/year等。这些副词一般放在be动词或行为动词之前,或者句子的开头或结尾。例如:
I always get up at 7:00. 我总是7点起床。
She is never late for school. 她从不上学迟到。
They often play games on weekends. 他们经常在周末玩游戏。
Sometimes he reads books in the library. 有时候他在图书馆看书。
现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作,或者按计划或安排即将发生的动作。现在进行时的结构是:主语 + be +行为动词ing形式 + 其他。be动词要根据主语的人称和数来变化,行为动词ing形式要根据行为动词的结尾来变化。例如:
主语be行为动词ing形式
I am playing
you are playing
he/she/it is playing
we/you/they are playing
肯定句的结构是:主语 + be + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他。例如:
I am writing an article. 我正在写一篇文章。
You are speaking English well. 你英语说得很好。
He is working hard. 他工作努力。
We are studying now. 我们现在正在学习。
否定句的结构是:主语 + be + not + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他。例如:
I am not writing an article. 我没有写文章。
You are not speaking English well. 你英语说得不好。
He is not working hard. 他工作不努力。
We are not studying now. 我们现在没有学习。
be和not可以缩写,例如:
I'm not writing an article. 我没有写文章。
You aren't speaking English well. 你英语说得不好。
He isn't working hard. 他工作不努力。
We aren't studying now. 我们现在没有学习。
一般疑问句的结构是:be + 主语 + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他?例如:
Are you writing an article? 你在写文章吗?
Are you speaking English well? 你英语说得好吗?
Is he working hard? 他工作努力吗?
Are we studying now? 我们现在在学习吗?
回答一般疑问句要用yes或no,然后重复主语和be动词,否定句要加not。例如:
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.
现在进行时常和表示现在或将来的时间的副词或短语连用,如now, at the moment, right now, today, tomorrow, next week/month/year等。这些副词或短语一般放在句子的开头或结尾。例如:
I am writing an article now. 我现在正在写一篇文章。
You are speaking English well at the moment. 你现在英语说得很好。
He is working hard right now. 他现在工作努力。
We are studying today. 我们今天在学习。
现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的动作,对现在造成的影响或结果,或者过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时的结构是:主语 + have/has + 行为动词过去分词 + 其他。have和has要根据主语的人称和数来变化,行为动词过去分词要根据行为动词的规则或不规则来变化。例如:
主语have/has行为动词过去分词
I have played
you have played
he/she/it has played
we/you/they have played
肯定句的结构是:主语 + have/has + 行为动词过去分词 + 其他。例如:
I have written an article. 我写了一篇文章。
You have spoken English well. 你英语说得很好。
He has worked hard. 他工作努力。
We have studied for two hours. 我们学习了两个小时。
否定句的结构是:主语 + have/has + not + 行为动词过去分词 + 其他。例如:
I have not written an article. 我没有写文章。
You have not spoken English well. 你英语说得不好。
He has not worked hard. 他工作不努力。
We have not studied for two hours. 我们没有学习两个小时。
have/has和not可以缩写,例如:
I haven't written an article. 我没有写文章。
You haven't spoken English well. 你英语说得不好。
He hasn't worked hard. 他工作不努力。
We haven't studied for two hours. 我们没有学习两个小时。
一般疑问句的结构是:have/has + 主语 + 行为动词过去分词 + 其他?例如:
Have you written an article? 你写了文章吗?
Have you spoken English well? 你英语说得好吗?
Has he worked hard? 他工作努力吗?
Have we studied for two hours? 我们学习了两个小时吗?
回答一般疑问句要用yes或no,然后重复主语和have/has,否定句要加not。例如:
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Yes, you have. / No, you haven't.
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
Yes, we have. / No, we haven't.
现在完成时常和表示过去到现在的时间的副词或短语连用,如already, yet, ever, never, before, recently,
lately, so far, up to now等。这些副词或短语一般放在have/has和行为动词过去分词之间,或者句子的开头或结尾。例如:
I have already written an article. 我已经写了一篇文章。
You have spoken English well recently. 你最近英语说得很好。
He has never worked hard. 他从来没有工作努力。
We have studied for two hours so far. 我们到目前为止学习了两个小时。
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示过去开始,一直持续到现在,可能还会继续到将来的动作或状态,或者过去刚刚结束,对现在造成的影响或结果的动作。现在完成进行时的结构是:主语 + have/has + been + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他。have/has要根据主语的人称和数来变化,行为动词ing形式要根据行为动词的结尾来变化。例如:
主语have/has been行为动词ing形式
I have been playing
you have been playing
he/she/it has been playing
we/you/they have been playing
肯定句的结构是:主语 + have/has + been + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他。例如:
I have been writing an article for an hour. 我已经写了一个小时的文章了。
You have been speaking English well for a long time. 你英语说得很好已经很长时间了。
He has been working hard since this morning. 他从今天早上就一直工作努力。
We have been studying since yesterday. 我们从昨天就一直在学习。
否定句的结构是:主语 + have/has + not + been + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他。例如:
I have not been writing an article for an hour. 我没有写了一个小时的文章。
You have not been speaking English well for a long time. 你英语说得不好已经很长时间了。
He has not been working hard since this morning. 他从今天早上就没有工作努力。
We have not been studying since yesterday. 我们从昨天就没有学习。
have/has和not可以缩写,例如:
I haven't been writing an article for an hour. 我没有写了一个小时的文章。
You haven't been speaking English well for a long time. 你英语说得不好已经很长时间了。
He hasn't been working hard since this morning. 他从今天早上就没有工作努力。
We haven't been studying since yesterday. 我们从昨天就没有学习。
一般疑问句的结构是:have/has + 主语 + been + 行为动词ing形式 + 其他?例如:
Have you been writing an article for an hour? 你写了一个小时的文章吗?
Have you been speaking English well for a long time? 你英语说得好已经很长时间了吗?
Has he been working hard since this morning? 他从今天早上就一直工作努力吗?
发布评论