复习要点阐述
今天我们复习动词的时态，英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点。今天我们复习如下的内容：
初中阶段学习的时态：
1．一般现在时。
3．一般过去时。
英语时态总结 4．过去进行时。
5．一般将来时。
6．过去将来时。
7．现在完成时。
8．过去完成时。
1．一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。
（1）一般现在时的时间
①often
②usually
③always
④seldom
⑤sometimes
⑥every＋时间
⑦次数＋时间
⑧on＋时间
⑨in＋时间
（2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。
①be动词的一般现在时的构成
否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示：
肯定式 | 疑问式 | 否定式 | 疑问否定式 |
I am a teacher. | Am I a teacher? | I am not./I’mnot a teacher. | Am I not a teacher? |
He/ She is a teacher. | Is he/ she a teacher? | He/ She is not/ isn’t a teacher. | Is he/ she not a teacher? 或Isn’t he /she a teacher? |
It is Mary. | Is it Mary? | It is not /isn’t Mary. | Is it not Mary?/ Isn’t it Mary? |
We/ You/ They are teachers. | Are we/ you/ they teachers? | We/ You/ They are not/aren’t teachers. | Are we/ you/ they not teachers?或Aren’t we/ you/ they teacher? |
②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成
其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下表所示（以动词work为例）
肯定式 | 疑问式 | 否定式 | 疑问否定式 |
I work. | Do I work? | I don’t work. | Do I not work?或Don’t I work? |
He/ She /It works. | Does he/ she /it work? | He/ She/ It does not/doesn’t work. | Does he/ she/ it not work?或Doesn’t he/ she/ it work? |
We/ You/ They work. | Do we/ you/ they work? | We/ You/ They do not/ don’t work. | Do we/ you/ they not work?或Don’t we/ you/ they work? |
特别提示：
have(has)在表示“有”时，否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not)，变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时，其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。
e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√)
Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√)
她有教钢琴的经验吗?
Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?(×)
Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(√)
你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗?
上面我们列举了一般现在时的时间和动词的形式，在上述时间中，动词就要用到表格中的形式。
e.g.My sister ______(watch) TV every day.
因为“every day”，所以填“watches”。
He ______(teach) English.
因为没有时间说明他的职业，所以填teaches。
注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
e.g.We won’t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我们将不去公园。
When I grow up, I will go to America.
我长大后要去美国。
2．现在进行时
现在进行时的构成：现在进行时的构成如下表所示（以动词work为例）
肯定式 | I am working. | We/ You/ They are working. | He/ She/ It is working. |
疑问式 | Am I working? | Are we/ you/ they working? | Is he/ she/ it working? |
否定式 | I am not working. | We/ You/ They are not working.或We/ You/ They aren’t working. | He/ She/ It is not working.或He/ She/ It isn’t working. |
疑问否定式 | Am I not working? | Are we/ you/ they not working?或Aren’t we/ you/ they working? | Is he/ she/ it not working?或Isn’t he/ she/ it working? |
现在进行时的基本用法
①表示说话时正在进行、尚未完成的动作或状态。
e.g.The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it, please?
电话在响，你能否接一下?
Now watch carefully and see what is happening in the experiment.
现在仔细观察，看在实验中发生着什么现象。
What are you doing now, Bob? Grandma is asking to see you.
鲍勃，你在干什么?奶奶要见你。
常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：
now 现在 right now 现在 at present 目前 at this moment 就现在
these days 这些天 look 瞧 listen 听 Where is+人称？
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行。
e.g.George is working on a new book about stories in schools.
乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。
I am helping my Dad on the farm this summer vacation.
这个暑假我将在农场上给爸爸帮忙。
I am now visiting Guangzhou this week.
我本周在广州访问。
③表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。
e.g.The boy is jumping with great joy at the sight of his mother.
看到妈妈，小男孩高兴得不停地跳。
Someone is knocking at the door. It might be the postman.
有人在敲门。可能是邮递员。
④在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。
e.g.If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.
他来时如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。
⑤与副词always, usually, forever等连用，表达说话者的某种感情或对某一心理的生动描述。
e.g.I’m missing you very much. It’s a long time since we last met.
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