9种英语时态总结归纳
 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
9+3时态总结表
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
一般现在时
Be, do;
一般过去时
Was, did;
一般将来时
Will do
一般过去将来时
Would do
进行
现在进行时
Be doing;
过去进行时
Was doing;
将来进行时
Will be doing
完成
现在完成时
Have done
过去完成时
Had done;
将来完成时
Will have done
过去将来完成时(虚拟语气)
Would have done
完成进行
现在完成进行时
Have been doing
1. 一般现在时 (be;do/does)
1) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
2) 经常性、习惯性动作。He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)
标志词:often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally等和时间状语如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year,
3) 客观事实和普遍真理。The earth runs around the sun.
4) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)
5) when, after, before, until, till, as soon as,等引导的时间状语从句if, so/as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引导的条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时(主将从现)
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)
2. 一般过去时
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
标志词:yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time。(有时句子中虽然不含表示过去时间的状语,但根据语境可判断动作或状态已经发生,而且与现在没有任何联系,也需用一般过去时。
2)过去习惯性动作: used to do sth。
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
used to do的否定形式:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
3. 一般将来时
1) 基本结构是will / shall do
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
2) be going to do:打算去……,要……  This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
3)be about to do:即将、正要,强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
4) "be to do":按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。 (客观安排,人为安排)
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
5) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week.(我妈妈下周将来看我。)
4. 现在进行时(be doing)
现在正在进行的动作。 标志词:now, at this moment, look, listen,
5. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。
6. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红的T恤衫和一条白的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时""现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
7. 现在完成时(have done)
1) 表示某动作发生在过去,强调其对现在的影响。此时用短暂性动词。标志词:already, ju
st, yet, never, before,
I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell       B) sold       C) haven't sold        D) would sell
2) 表示某动作从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在。此时用延续性动词。标志词:lately, recently, in the past/last few days/years, since then, up to now, so far; since+时间点;for+时间段;
Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge    C) have been challenged   B) may be challenged   D) are challenging
3)现在完成时和过去时的区别:  一般过去时:动作发生在过去,与现在没有联系。
现在完成时:强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
He worked in that hospital for 8 years.
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.
4) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用短暂动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
5) 经常使用现在进行时的句型:
this is the first/ second/ third time+that(现在完成时) 这是第一/二次...
This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
It is/ has been + 时间 + since(一般过去时)... ...到现在已经...了
It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
"no sooner than""hardly/ scarcely ……when""before""prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)
英语时态总结8. 过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"