Grammar ——冠词
语法图解
探究发现
①My trip to Tibet was really an unforgettable experience.
②His mother's sudden death came to him as a shock.
③This watch is an 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.
④This lab used to be in the charge of Mr Wang.
⑤I like / music, especially the music of the film.
[我的发现]　冠词用于表示类别，不定冠词表示泛指；元音因素前用an，辅音因素前用a；定冠词表示特指；不可数名词前或固定搭配中用零冠词。
一、不定冠词a/an的基本用法
community
不定冠词a/an
使用场合
例句
具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”
In my opinion, to take a ten­minute break between classes is necessary. Otherwise we will feel tired both physically and mentally.
在我看来，课间休息十分钟是必要的。否则我们会在心理和身体上都感到疲惫。
初次提到某人或某物
Last week our class organized an activity to thank our teachers before graduation.
上周我们班在毕业前组织了一次活动去感谢我们的老师。
在速度、比率、价格等前面
You can buy second­hand books at a low price in one of our school societies.
你可以在我们学校的一个社团低价买到二手书。
用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了
On half way to our destination, we were caught in a heavy rain, but we still went on.
半路上遇到大雨，但是我们仍然往前走。
用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词便具体化了
A good command of English enables me to gain more chances to communicate and exchange ideas with foreign students in our school.
英语说得好让我有了更多的机会去和校园里的留学生们进行沟通和交流。
用在专有名词前，表示“类似的一个或某一个”
He is a Jiao Yulu.
他是一个焦裕禄式的人物。
表示“同一个”的意思
These classrooms are of a (＝the same) size.
这些教室一样大小。
不定冠词的特殊位置：how/so/as/too＋形容词＋不定冠词＋名词
Never will you meet so kind a teacher(＝such a kind teacher) like him.
你绝不会遇到像他一样善良的老师。To tell the truth, never have I seen such a nice place.
说实话，我从未见过如此漂亮的地方。
构成短语，如：a number of， avariety of， a great deal of，alarge amount of, a lot of等
A wide variety of after­class activities will broaden our horizon, enrich our school life and make us relaxed.
丰富多彩的课外活动能够让我们开阔眼界，充实课余生活，还能使我们得到放松。
名词前冠词a或an的使用根据发音而不是单词的首字母
a university一所大学
踏沙行a European country一个欧洲国家
an hour一小时
an honest man一个诚实的人
常见带有a/an或one的短语
all of a sudden突然
an article of一件
as a matter
of fact事实上
a total of总共
in a hurry匆忙
an average of平均
in a word总之
one by one一个接一个
do sb a favour
帮某人一个忙
one after another
一个接一个
pay a visit to拜访
one day(有)一天
a hand of少量的
80 km an hour
每小时80公里
a length of
一根、一段
three times a day
一天三次
a variety of种种
a depth of深度为
[即时演练1]　单句语法填空
①Would you like a coffee or a tea?
②He has a good knowledge of chemistry.
③No matter how tough the task is, there is no doubt that we will overcome all the difficulties and win a complete success.
④A Mr Smith wishes to speak to you.
⑤The two boys are of an age.
⑥ Maths was too difficult a subject for me, so I chose to learn liberal arts.
⑦A number of students took part in the voluntary activity yesterday.
二、定冠词the的主要用法
使用场合
例句
表示特指和第二次提到的人或物
For one thing, it's against the rules of the school.
首先，这违反学校规定。
表示世界上独一无二的事物
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面
He took part in the English Speech Contest held in our school and won the first prize.
他参加了我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛并且获得了第一名。
用在江河湖海、山脉、岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前
The West Lake is what I want to visit most.
西湖是我最想去的地方。
用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人
We are planning to visit the elderly in Chaoyang nursery home next week.
下周我们计划去看望朝阳敬老院的老年人。
用在表示国家和民族的形容词前泛指该国的人民
In order to encourage people to plant trees, the Chinese fixed March 12th as a day for planting trees.
为了鼓励大家植树，中国将3月12 日定为植树节。
用在姓氏的复数前，表示该夫妇俩或全家人
Hearing Xiao Ming was admitted to Beijing University, the Zhangs jumped with joy.
听到小明被北京大学录取，张家人欣喜若狂。
妹妹大胆往前走乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词
Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.
彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。
用于某些缩略词之前
the PRC中华人民共和国
用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。
Do you know who invented the television?
你知道是谁发明的电视机吗？
固定搭配
on the other hand 另一方面形容生气的成语
by the hour按小时计算
in the 1990s在20世纪90年代
hit sb on the shoulder
拍打某人的肩膀
[即时演练2]　补全句子
吉他音乐①England and France are connected by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡连接英法两国。
②We always have our English classes in the morning.
我们总是上午上英语课。
三、不用冠词的几种情况
使用场合
例句
季节、节日(用day表示的节日前)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前，一般不加冠词。
the Spring Festival
(Festival表示的节日前加the)
At noon we eat at the school dining hall, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.
我们在食堂吃午餐，在此期间可以和朋友们交谈。
Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers' Day?
教师节那天我们去拜访以前的老师，好吗？
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，一般不加冠词
School life equips us students with abundant knowledge, provides us with the chances to fully develop our personalities and well prepares for our future career and improvement.
学校生活让我们学到了知识，给我们提供了全面发展的机会，并为我们以后的职业选择和个人发展做好了准备。
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。
Anxiety is a common problem among senior three students.
焦虑是高三学生中普遍存在的问题。
球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词
On arriving there, we began working. Some were doing some cleaning, some were washing clothes for the elderly and others were playing chess and chatting with them.
一到那里，我们就开始干活儿。一些人打扫卫生，一些人帮老人洗衣服，另一些人陪他们下棋聊天。
称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词
He was elected monitor of our class. He is responsible for his work and takes good care of his classmates.
他被选为班长，是一个对工作负责并且关心同学的人。
在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词
At two o'clock in the afternoon, we'll gather at the school gate, after which we'll set out for the destination by bus.
下午两点，校门口集合，然后乘车去目的地。
turn(变成、成为)后面的名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词
My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up, but I turned writer 20 years later.
我当初的梦想是长大后当老师，但是20年后成了作家。
在一个以“普通名词＋as”所引导的让步状语从句中，该普通名词前不加冠词
Student as he is, he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.(＝Although he is a student, he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.)
尽管他还是个学生，通过网上售货他挣了很多钱。
泛指复数名词前不用冠词
Optional courses enable students to engage in what they are really interested in and what they are willing to devote to.
选修课可以使学生们投入到自己真正感兴趣且愿意努力去做的事情上。
胡夏school，church，
prison，hospital前不加冠词，表示抽象的概念
Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike.
学校离家很近，所以我们可以骑车去学校。
绝对不可数名词如fun, news, information, word(消息), advice，nature等前不用不定冠词
We not only gain a well balanced school life through going in for sports, but also get more chances to make more friends and stay closer to nature.
通过体育锻炼，我们不仅能够调节好自己的学校生活，而且有更多的机会去结交更多的朋友和接近大自然。
固定搭配
in deep debt  　  债台高筑
in good health      身体安康
in good condition  性能良好
in great demand    急需
in great need of   急需……
in time of danger
                  危难之时
in office          就职
in honour of        为了纪
                  念……
in trouble          陷入麻烦
in favour of        赞同
with anger        怒气冲天
in general         一般来说
in size            在大小上
in character        在性格上
in sight　            在视野之内
in/out of order
秩序井然(毫无秩序)
on business        出差
on holiday          度假
on leave            请假
on watch            放哨
on fire              着火
heart and soul
              全心全意
knife and fork
                刀叉
husband and wife
                夫妇
brother and sister
                兄弟妹
from morning till night
                从早到晚
on horseback    骑马
at sea          出海