学科教师辅导讲义
年    级:四年级                    辅导科目:英语                        课时数:3
课    题
语法专题------ 不可数名词
教学目的
梳理小四上的重要语法点:不可数名词
教学内容
关于时间句子
英语小点心
时间是水,淘金流沙
1. Time works wonders.评课用语
(时间可以创造奇迹或时间的效力不可思议)
2. Time works great changes.
(时间可以产生巨大的变化)
3. Times change.
(时代正在改变)
语法专题 —— 不可数名词
不可数名词
    不可数名词 uncountable none 常用缩写为un。
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;
它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般要与一个名词短语连用,相当于中文里的【一 +(量词)+ 名词】,其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。但当不可数名词表示“一种、一场、一次”、“一番”、某种情绪的不可数名词用来指引起这种情绪的事情或某件产品、作品时,它的前面也能直接用不定冠词a / an。
名词的可数与不可数
1.  在学习名词时,有一个问题特别重要:即名词的可数与不可数。
可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。
例如:
Little children are fond of stories .小孩子们喜欢听故事。
林冲的绰号Movie stars are usually popular with young people. 影星们常受到年青人的欢迎。
它的单数形式前常用不定冠词a / an , 当它的单数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用单数形式。
例如:
There is an orange on the table .桌上有只桔子。
A university is a higher educational institution .大学是高等教育机构。
 
简单说,一分为二后仍可用原名的为不可数名词,如:水,空气等。
一分为二后不可用原名则为可数名词。如:苹果,梨等。
2.  可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。
英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词:
如:
可数名词
赚钱工作
a tin 一只罐头              a relation 亲属                an iron 一把熨斗
a democracy  民主国家      a glass 一只玻璃杯            a beauty美人,美的东西
A wood 一片树林   
不可数名词
tin 锡          relation 关系        Iron 铁      democracy民主
glass 玻璃      beauty 美            Wood 木头
另外,在很多情况下抽象名词可变成可数名词;而可数名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化,变成不可数名词。
例如:
Would you like some coffee ? (不可数) 喝点咖啡好吗?
Let me have a coffee . (可数) 给我一杯咖啡吧。
Translation is an art . (不可数)翻译是一门艺术。
I've made an English translation of the book . (可数) 我已将那本书译成了英文。
He got in difficulty again . (不可数) 他又有困难了。
They met with many difficulties .(可数) 他们遇到很多困难。
常见的不可数名词
混合型基金1. 为表示不可数名词是数量,可以用容器的量来表示,即:单位+of+物质的名词形式,
例如:
a piece of news  一件消息      a cake of soap一块肥皂      a drop of oil一滴油
  a grain of sand一粒沙子        a pane of glass一块玻璃      a piece of advice一条忠告
  a pot of jam一罐果酱          a sheet of paper一页纸        a box of milk一盒牛奶
 
2. some 是表示不定数量的代词,相当于“一些”,用于修饰可数名词的复数和不可数名词。
some books    一些书          some kites  一些风筝      some blue cars  一些蓝的车子     
some milk      一些牛奶        some juice    一些果汁      some butter    一些黄油       
在句子里,肯定句里通常用some表示不定的量,否定句以及一般疑问句里常用any(一些,什么,任何的)来表示不定的量。例如:
    肯定句:There is some jam in the bottle.
    否定句:There isn’t any jam in the bottle.
    肯定句:I have got some chocolate.
    否定句:I haven’t got any chocolate.
练一练
一、选出每组中不同类的词。
(        )1. A. butter                  B. flower                  C. flour                  D. juice
(        )2. A. books                    B. birthday cards          C. toy cars              D. exercise books
(        )3. A. pears                    B. grapes                  C. bears                D. bananas
(        )4. A. am                      B. has                    C. are                  D. is
(        )5. A. crisps                    B. bread                  C. flour                D. sugar
【keys】
1. B  2.C  3.C  4.B  5.A
二、用a, an, some填空。
1. I have got________ coffee.
2. ________ice cream, please.
3.________small bottle of juice is four yuan.
4. There is ________water in the bottle.
5.  —How much is ________packet of sugar? —Ten yuan.
6.  —Mum, ________milk? —Yes, please.
【keys】
1.some  2.An  3.A  4.some  5.a  6.some
三、出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:
homework ______half ______advice______money ______
knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______
chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______
information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________
【keys】略
轻松一下!
                                           
小 幽 默
A: My uncle has 1000 men under him.
B: He is really somebody. What does he do?
A: A maintenance man in a cemetery.
B: ......
四、选择填空。
1.The deer has four ______.
  A. foot        B. feet          C. feets        D. foots
2.Her two brothers are both ______.
  A. policeman          B. policemans            C. policemen            D. policemens
3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.
  A. Japanese, Germen    B. Japaneses, Germen      C. Japanese, Germans      D. Japaneses, Germens
4.Two ______ would come to the village.
  A. woman-doctors      B. women doctor          C. women doctors        D. woman doctors
5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture?
  A. sheep              B. dog                    C. pig                  D. horse
【keys】
1.B  2.C  3.C  4.C  5.A
五、阅读理解。
Look! This is a picture of Mr. Brown’s family. The man in a black coat is Mr. Brown. The woman near him is Mrs. Brown. The little girl in a red coat is Sue. The tall boy behind her is Jim, her brother. The family is now in China. Tomorrow is Children's Day. Mr. brown wants to buy some presents for his children. Sue wants a new skirt, but Jim wants a new bike. How happy they are!
回答下列问题
1. Whose picture is this?
____________________________________________.
2. Where's the family now?
____________________________________________.
3. Who is the little girl in a red coat?
____________________________________________.
4. What presents do Mr. Brown's children want to buy?
____________________________________________.
5. Which festival is tomorrow?
____________________________________________.
【keys】
1. Its Mr. Browns picture.
2. In China.
3. She is Sue.
4. Sue wants a new skirt, but Jim wants a new bike.
5. It蚕和蝉s Children's Day
回家作业
一、选择填空。
1.The _____ has two ______.
  A. boys, watches    B. boy, watch    C. boy, watches    D. boys, watch
2.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.
  A. tooth          B. tooths        C. teeth          D. teeths
3.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.
  A. woman        B. women      C. man          D. men
4.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.
  A. tomatos        B. tomato      C. tomatoes      D. tomatoss
5. The cat caught two ______ last night.
  A. mouses        B. mice    C. mouse    D. mices
【keys】1.C  2.C  3.A  4.C  5.B
二、翻译词组。
鬼哭狼嚎是贬义词吗
1. 一袋糖果
2. 一瓶水
3. 两只橘子
4. 一把沙子
5. 一杯咖啡
6. 三杯水
【keys】
1. a packet of sweets  2. a bottle of water  3.two oranges  4.a hand of sands  5. a cup of coffee  6.three glasses of water
三、阅读理解。
Betty and Kitty are twins. They’re 12 years old. They look the same. But they have different hobbies. Betty likes collecting stamps. She has many beautiful stamps. They’re from different cities and countries. But Kitty likes growing flowers. The flowers are all very beautiful. Betty and Kitty both like reading books. Betty likes reading storybooks. But Kitty likes reading science books. On Sunday, they usually ride bikes to the park. They can play with their friends there. Sometimes their parents go there, too.
根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正误,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”。
(      ) 1. Betty is Kitty’s sister.
(      ) 2. Betty likes growing flowers.
(      ) 3. Kitty likes reading storybooks.
(      ) 4. They’re twelve years old.
(      ) 5. They usually take a bus to the park on Saturday.
【keys】
1.F  2.F  3.F  4.T  5.F
四、小作文。
以“In The Supermarket”为题,写一段话,不少于5句。