第16卷第22期·总第294期2018年11月·下半月
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中国中医药现代远程教育
CHINESE MEDICINE MODERN DISTANCE EDUCATION OF CHINA
彻夜不眠
尹常健教授是山东省名中医药专家,山东省中医院内科主任医师,全国第四、五批老中医学术经验继承工作指导教师。他长期从事肝病中医临床研究,在中医药防治慢性肝病方面颇有建树,临证经验丰富,特鲜明,见解独到。笔者有幸跟随尹教授学习,受益匪浅,现将其辨证肝病失眠症的用药经验和学术思想选介如下,以飧同道。
失眠是由于心神失养或不安而引起经常不能获得正常睡眠为特征的一类病证,主要表现为睡眠时间、深度的不足以及不能消除疲劳、恢复体力与精力,轻者入睡困难,睡眠浅或时睡时醒,或醒后不能再入睡,或多梦,严重者毫无困意,彻夜不眠,苦恼异常。由于睡眠时间或深度的不足,醒后常伴有两目干涩,神疲乏力,头晕头疼,心悸健忘或心神不宁等症状。1慢肝失眠的特点为“虚多实少”“多脏失调”
慢性肝病患者伴发长期失眠者非常普遍,肝病本身可以导致失眠,病机涉及虚实两方面,如气郁化火,
扰动心神;肝血亏虚,神魂不安等。痰热内扰也是原因之一,如《血证论·卧寐》曰:“肝经有痰,扰其魂而不得寐者,温胆汤加枣仁治之。
”尹常健教授指出,慢性肝病迁延日久,尤其是发展到肝纤维化、肝硬化阶段,肝体受损明显,疏泄失常,气血失和,心神不安而失眠者甚为多见。充分的休息对[1]肝病患者的康复至关重要,甚至决定转
归和预后。详审病机,分清主次,才能保证辨证施治的准确性。
“肝者,干也,善干他脏”
,肝为风木之脏,变动不居,肝病时对其他脏腑影响广泛。有鉴于此,尹教授特别指出,慢肝过程中的失眠不仅仅与肝有关,更主要的是多脏腑功能失调、经脉气血失和的综合反映。肝病失眠的病机不外虚、实两端,实则心火、肝火、宿食痰火扰动心神,发病急,多为暂时性或一过性,病程短而易治;虚则心肝血虚、心胆气虚、心脾两虚等,正虚兼见痰瘀食滞以及阴虚火旺的属虚中夹实证,起病缓,多呈持续性或反复发作,病程长而难治。
尹教授将慢性肝病(肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌等)的基本病机归纳为“本虚标实”
:肝、脾、肾气血阴阳亏损为本,气滞、湿热、痰浊、瘀血、水饮内蕴或相互搏结为标,具有初在肝,先传脾,后及肾,最终导致气血逆
尹常健肝病失眠经验选介※
张永1韩宁2尹常健1
(1山东中医药大学附属医院肝病科,山东济南250014;2山东中医药大学附属医院脑病科,山东济南250014)
摘要:肝病失眠在慢性肝病发病与过程中极为常见,其病势缠绵,迁延难愈,且患者主观感受痛苦,对患者精神及生
活易造成不良影响,从而阻碍肝病的恢复。尹常健从事中医临床及教学30余年,对中医药防治常见肝脏疾病的诸多领域见解独到,对于肝病失眠的亦是成效显著,经验颇丰。从以下几方面深入阐述了尹常健肝病失眠的用药经验及学术思想:慢肝失眠的特点;慢肝失眠的重要环节;慢肝失眠的主要证型;“急则治标”是慢肝失眠的必要手段。关键词:尹常健;肝病失眠;中医学;临证经验doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃2779.2018.22.030文章编号:1672⁃2779(2018)⁃22⁃0070⁃
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ZHANG Yong 1,HAN Ning 2,YIN Changjian 1
(1.Department of Liver Disease,the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,China;
2.Department of Encephalopathy,the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,China)
Abstract:Liver disease insomnia is very common in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver disease.It is easy to cause adverse effects on patients 'normal life,and general treatment is difficult to achieve ideal curative effect.Professor Yin Changjian has been engaged in clinical practice and teaching for more than 30years.He has unique views on many areas of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating common liver diseases,and is also effective in treating liver diseases and insomnia.The author from the following several aspects elaborated medication experience and academic thoughts of Professor Yin in treatment of liver disease:the clinical characteristics of insomnia,the important step in the treatment of liver disease insomnia,the main syndrome types of liver disease insomnia and "treating secondary symptoms for emergency"is a necessary means for treatment of liver disease insomnia.Keywords:Yin Changjian;liver disease insomnia;traditional Chinese medicine;clinical experience
※基金项目:国家中医药管理局全国第四批、
第五批名老中医药专家传承项目【No.国中医药人教发(2011)41号】;山东省中医药科技发展项目—山东省名老中医药专家学术思想传承研究【No.2011z-004
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