2021考研英语(一)试题答案及解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It  1  in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then    2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But    3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain
function may not be.
One study found that muscle loss and the    4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the    5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or    6  this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and  8  that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on
measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11
For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different  15 for men and women.
16 ,there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1.[A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks [D] fades
2. [A] alternatively [B] formally [C] accidentally [D] generally
3. [A] while [B] since [C] once [D] until
4.[A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption [D] separation
5.[A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal [D] requirement
6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek [D] utilize
7.[A] modified [B] supported [C] included [D] predicted
8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted [D] applied
9. [A] with [B] above [C] by [D] against
10.[A] lived [B] managed [C] scored [D] played
11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in [D] went by
12. [AJ] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel [D] resistant
考研时间2021考试时间13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved [D] controlled
14.[A] alter [B] spread [C] remove [D] explain
15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands [D] treatments
16. [AJ] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore [D]Instead
17.[A] change [B] watch [C] count [D] take
18.[A] well-being [B]process [C] formation [D] coordination
19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space
20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet [D] prescription
1.[答案]C(peaks)
[解析]逻辑关系题。and then提示顺承，借助slowly decline(慢慢
下降)可知，C项peaks(达到最高点)符合原文逻辑关系，即流动智力
在成年早期达到峰值，之后很长一段时间趋于稳定，之后随着年龄增长，慢慢下降。本题答案为C项。干扰选项:A项pauses(暂停)，B项returns(返回)和D项fades(逐渐消失)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
2.[答案]D(generally)
[解析]语境题。比较各选项语义，A项alternatively(二者择一地)，B 项formally(形式上地)，C项accidentally(偶然地)和D项generally(通常)，其中，D项generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。
3.[答案]A(while)
[解析]逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句内逻辑关系，比
较aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that .. may not be可知，inevitable和may not be提示语义相反，即“衰老不可避免”，与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免”二者语义相反。A项while(尽管)提示让步，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A项。干扰选项:B项since(由于)提示因果关系，C项once(一旦)提示条件关系，D项until(到....为止)提示顺承关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
4.[答案]B(accumulation )
[解析]逻辑关系题。and提示并列,muscle loss和the 4of body fat aroundthe abdomen(腹部脂肪的4)互相并列，借助muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知，B项accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系，即，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为B项。干扰选项:A项detection(侦查)，C项consumption(消耗)和D项separ
ation(分离)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
5.[答案]A(possibility)
[解析]语境题。This指代上句的研究发现，本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语义，A项possibility(可能性),B项decision(决定),C 项goal(目标)和D项requirement(要求)，可知，A项possibility符合原文语义，即，这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防这种下降的可能性。本题答案为A项。
6.[答案]A(delay)
[解析]逻辑关系题。or提示并列，借助prevent(预防)可知，A项delay(延期)符合原文逻辑关系，即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答
案为A项。干扰选项:B项ensure(保证)，C项seek(寻求)和D项utilize(利用)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
7.[答案]C(included)
[解析]语境题。本题考查连接data(数据)和measurements(测量结果)的动词词义。比较各选项语义,A项modified(修改),B项supported(支持),C项included(包括)和D项predicted(预测)，可知C
项included符合原文语义，即研究人员查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为C项。
8.[答案]B(compared)
[解析)逻辑关系题。and提示并列,looked at data和8_that data to reported changes互相并列，借助looked at(查看)可知，B项compared(比较)符合原文逻辑关系，且能与介词to构成固定搭配，compare. ..将.....相比)。本题答案为B项。干扰选项：其余各项与介词to 构成固定搭配，A项devoted to.(把...用于)，C项把....转化为...)，D项applied .to..(把....应用于...，均不符合原文逻辑关系。
9. [答案]A(with)
[解析]固定搭配题。观察选项可知，本题考查介词用法。比较各选项，A项with(带有....，B项above (在...上面) ，C项by (通过...和
D项against ( 与…相反)，可知，A项with连接higher measures of abdominal fat，作后置定语修饰people，符合原文语义，即，有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为A项。
10.[答案]C(scored)