漫长的学习生涯中,是不是经常追着老师要知识点?知识点是指某个模块知识的重点、核心内容、关键部分。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键!以下是店铺为大家收集的什么是定语从句先行词,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
什么是定语从句先行词?
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。
定语从句先行词位置:
通常情况下,先行词和定语从句是挨着的,但是在不引起歧义的情况下,可以把定语从句和先行词分开,这叫分隔定语从句。
例:He is a student in my school who often helps others.
先行词是student与从句分开。因为定语从句的先行词是名词或代词。所以这句话中有可能是先行词的词是He,student,school,但是从句的引导词who的先行词只能是人,所以排除school,再通过翻译,所以确定,先行词就是student。从句没有和先行词挨着,因为我们经过判断知道了他要表达的意思。所以从句可以和先行词分开。
定语从句语法精讲
关系代词有:who,whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)
The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"
结构交替使用。
例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后代替when, where, why和“介+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
例如:
His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
whatever什么意思He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错:
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D;例2 A
例1变为肯定句:This museum is ____ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
在例1中,从句中所缺部分为宾语,而主句中又缺表语,所以只有the one可以作主句的表语,而关系代词作从句的宾语可以省略,所以选D。
而例2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用关系副词where,又可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关
系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。
4.限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2)当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5.介词+关系词
(1)介词后面的关系词不能省略;
(2) that前不能有介词;
(3)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此,常常可以和“介词|+which”结构交替使用。
例如:
This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?
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