一、学习目标:
知识目标:1. 了解形容词和副词的构成方法;
2. 掌握形容词和副词在句子中的位置;
3. 掌握形容词和副词的基本用法;
能力目标:能够正确地使用形容词和副词。
情感目标:帮助同学们进行知识的归纳总结,拓宽知识面。
二、重点、难点:
2. 副词修饰动词作状语;
3. 形容词、副词的比较等级。
三、考情分析:
近年来,全国各地的中考英语试题对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下四方面:
1. 对形容词的考查重点是比较等级的用法,其作表语、宾语补足语和修饰不定代词的用法;
2. -ing形式与-ed形式形容词的辨析;
3. 对副词的考查重点是副词修饰动词作状语,以及副词的比较级与最高级;
4. 形容词与副词在语境中的词义辨析等。
四、知能提升:
(一)知识讲解
形容词
用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词叫形容词。
Ⅰ、形容词的构成:
1. 本身即为形容词的词(如red, glad, nice, beautiful)
2. 由“名词+y”构成的形容词
sun→sunny wind→windy fun→funny cloud→cloudy
noise→noisy luck→lucky
3. 加后缀构成的形容词
(如-able, -ent, -en, -al, -ful, -less等)
comfort→comfortable nation→national wood→wooden differ→different
care→careful hope→hopeless
4. 由“名词+ly”构成的形容词:friend→friendly
Ⅱ、形容词的用法及位置
<一>作定语
形容词修饰名词时放于名词之前;修饰不定代词时,放于不定代词之后。如:
1. What beautiful flowers!
2. The nice girl is my sister.
3. He wants to do something different this time.
4. I have something important to tell you.
【考题链接】
①Shirley has done a lot for the tourists. She is really a (help) guide.
答案:helpful
解题思路:guide“导游”,是一个名词,其前应用形容词作定语来修饰。
②As we know, Liu Xiang is a (成功的)player.
答案:successful
解题思路:句意“众所周知,刘翔是一个成功的运动员”。player是一个名词,前面“成功的”应该用形容词形式,形容词作定语来修饰名词。
<二>作表语
在be动词、感官动词taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸上去)以及become, get, turn,grow等系动词后用形容词作表语。如:
He is young.
She looks happy today.
The food tastes delicious.
【考题链接】
①The old woman looked (着急的)because she couldn’t find her purse.
答案:worried
解题思路:句意“那位老太太看上去很着急,因为她不到她的钱包了”。look在本句中是感官动词,意为“看起来”,其后要接形容词作表语。
②The dish smells and you’d better throw it away.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
答案:C
解题思路:句意“这道菜闻起来味道不好,你最好把它扔掉”。smell在本句中是感官动词,意为“闻起来”,其后要接形容词作表语。D. badly副词;B. well作形容词,表示“身体好的”,作副词,表示“好的”,不合题意;A. good形容词“好的”,不合题意。所以选C。
<三>作宾语补足语
放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如:
You should keep your room clean every day.
What makes you sad?
Don’t leave the door open when you go out.
【考题链接】
Your room is very dirty. You should keep it .
A. clean B. dry C. quiet
答案:A
解题思路:根据句意“你的房间很脏。你应该保持它的干净”。可知选A。keep + 宾语+ 形容词作宾语补足语。
<四>形容词的顺序
1、冠词/代词+形容词+名词:a beautiful girl一个漂亮的女孩
an excellent musician一个卓越的音乐家
your favourite music你最喜欢的音乐
2、形容词的后置:
1)当名词前面有表示量度的词或词组时,形容词要放在所修饰的名词后面。
London is a city about two thousand years old.伦敦是一个大约有两千年历史的城市。
=London is about a two-thousand-year-old city.
Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.去年我们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。
=Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.
2)带有表示量度的词或词组作表语时,形容词要后置。
The bridge is a hundred meters long.这座桥长达一百米。
The building is thirteen storeys high.这座建筑有十三层高。
3)一些形容词或形容词词组常放在句首或句尾,作状语。
He returned home, tired and hungry.他又累又饿地回到了家。
Cold and hungry, she walked in the street.她走在街道上,又冷又饿。
Ⅲ、-ing形式与-ed形式形容词的辨析
-ed形容词多形容人的情绪或感受,主语一般是人。-ing形容词多形容客观事物体现在外的性质,主语或修饰的词一般是物。
【考题链接】
Nancy doesn’t enjoy her job anymore. She’s because every day she does exactly the same thing.
A. relaxing B. relaxed C. boring D. bored
答案:D
解题思路:-ed形容词的主语一般是人,-ing形容词的主语或它所修饰的词一般是物。首先排除A和C;根据前句意思“Nancy不再喜欢她的工作”,可判断是“厌烦了”,因此选D。
IV.形容词的特殊用法
有些形容词可以和定冠词the连用,表示一类人或事物。这时,它相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。表示一类人时,看作复数;表示一类事物是,看作单数。
Bobin hated the rich and love th poor.
The wounded/old are well looked after.
We all love the beautiful.
[即学即练]
1. —Look! How the boys are!
—Yes. They won the game this afternoon.
A. exciting B. excitement C. excite D. excited
2. Who left the windows ?
A. open B. opening C. opened D. opens
3. —Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
noise的形容词—OK. Let’s give him to eat.
A. something different B. different anything
C. anything different D. different something
4. The sea looks very when the sun is shining on it.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful
5. She told us a story. Her voice sounded .
A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly
6. George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned .
A. pale B. clean C. sadly D. happily
7. Harry Potter is an book for children, but my cousin isn’t in it at all.
A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested
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