现在完成时的结构形式
具体用法:
(1)表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果,而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的兴趣所在。如果有那么一天
常用的状语有already, yet, not,yet, now, just, by this time等。
例:
The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。
生于忧患死于安乐
与表示一段时间的状语连用,如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。
例:
We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。
注意:瞬间动词与延续动词
1 .瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词,还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态, 但不可以接一段时间,若要接一段时间,须要做一些相应的变换。
2. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
常见的瞬间动词:
(1) 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听(说)hear
(2) 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)
(3) 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还(return/give)(与)借(borrow/lend)
(4) 变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)
怎样在幼儿园教学活动中贯彻启发性原则瞬间动词接一段时间:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
常见瞬间动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at
open-----be open
die------be dead
close----be closed
become---be
borrow---keep
begin/start-----be on
put on----wear
leave-----be away (from)
interesting是什么意思fall asleep----be asleep
end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold
join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
例:
They borrowed the book two weeks ago.他们两个星期前借的这本书。
rarr; They have kept the book for two weeks.
A month has passed since he left home. 他离开家已经一个月了。
rarr; He has been away from home for a month.
注意:以下表示法的含义及用法
have been (to): 去过或到过(某地)(表示某人过去的经历)
have gone (to):去(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)
have come (to):来(某地)了 (现在可能已在某地)
have been inbdquo; +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了
例:
He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
He has gong to Hangzhou, so he canrsquo;t help us. 他去杭州了,所以他不可能帮助我们。
He has come to our city. Letrsquo;s go to visit him. 他已经到我们城市来了,我们去拜访他吧。
She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
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