现在完成时精讲精练
现在完成时的结构：
汽车什么时候年检肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done
一般疑问句形式：have或has放于句首。
现在完成时表达的意义：
eg. (1). The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）八下英语课文翻译
(2). Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
现在完成时通常和recently（近来）, ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年里）, already（已经）, yet（仍然）, just (刚刚), before等词连用。
说明：我微笑着走向生活already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。
例如： I have already高情商聊天 finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework yet?
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等，它们的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。
二、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用, 如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。
e.g. (1). My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
(2). Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
(3). How long have you been here?
注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。
e.g. (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？
错误：How long has your brother joined the army?
正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:
leave --- be away (from) borrow --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on finish --- be over fall ill ---be ill get up---be up
catch a cold --- have a cold put on→ wear come/become/go --- be
fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) get to know --- know
join----be a member of .../be in… open ---be open close ---be closed
现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
2．一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ... then(那时), that day, one day, once(从前)
现在完成时常和recently取名（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already, yet, just, before等模糊的时间状语连用。
Ⅰ、同义句转化
1. He died 10 years ago. He __________________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He __________________the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _________________the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago. He _______________ here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light ________________ for 2 hours.
十一祝福图片6. He left here 2 years ago. He _______________from here for 2 years.
7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _________________ for 30 minutes.
8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _______________ for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door ________________for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year. ⑴. He _____________ a _________ for a year.
⑵. He _____________ the army for a year. ⑶.It ____________ a year ________ he joined the army.
Ⅱ、单项选择。
( ) 1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
( ) 2.Have you met Mr. Li ____？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago
( ) 3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
( ) 4.—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed; well Ｂ. changed; good Ｃ. has changed; better Ｄ. changed; better
( ) 5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish
( ) 6.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ it twice.
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
( ) 7. —These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
( ) 8. Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was, studying Ｂ. will, study Ｃ. has, studied Ｄ. are, studying
( ) 9.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .
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