主动语态 被动语态
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：
1) 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）
被动句：_____________________________________.（这台机器已修了两小时了）
2). 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）
被动句：_______________________________.. （那些书被老师借走了）
二．现在完成时被动语态的概念
现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响，它有两层意思：
1) 动作_________，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：
Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now.
析:该句强调教室已被打扫，对现在造成的影响是教室是干净的，强调这个影响，你就没必要再打扫了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1). 主语是行为动作的__________。如：
The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。
2). 虎的故事说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，强调对现在__________。
The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。（结果是现在没人能够进去）
3). 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去，常与__________引导的时间状语连用，或用于“__________”句型中。如：
He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）
为什么穿越火线进不去4). 用在____________________中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。
四．使用现在完成时被动语态注意事项:
1). 副词的位置
德川家重 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于__________和__________中间。如:
[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.
2). 并不是所有动词都有被动语态
happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等____________________无被动语态。如：
[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
3)．但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物 动词，也可以有被动语态。但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的____________________。如：
eg 1) The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.
2）A notice has been put up on the wall.
）
双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常将__________变为主语；但若直接将__________变为主语，则需要在间接宾语前加上适当的__________（to 或for）。
eg （1）His parents have given him a new bike recently.
被动_______ has been given ____________ (by his parents) recently.
被动_______ has been given____________ (by his parents) recently.
）带有复合宾语的动词在变为被动式时，只能够把__________变为主语，而原来的宾语补足语则变为相应的__________。
eg （2）I have asked him to post the letter.
被动_______________________________________
五、现在完成时被动语态的否定式和疑问式。
从现在完成时被动语态结构has/ have been done可以看出__________为助动词，因此现
在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于__________来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加__________，构成一般疑问句时将__________提前，构成反意疑问句时，附加问句借助__________。如：
His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。
Has this bridge been finished 这座桥竣工了吗
The blackboard has been cleaned, hasn’t it 黑板已经擦过了，是吗
六、猫王最好听的歌>福建漳州火山岛现在完成时被动语态例题讲解
[例1] Paper money________for over a thousand years.
A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using
[析] 主语和谓语是被动关系，而且时间状语是一个时间段，根据题意，谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去，符合现在完成时，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。答案是B。
[例2] —We want to sit at the table near the window. —I'm sorry，but it________already.
A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken
[析] 从题干中的答语知道，座位已经有人坐了，说明结果。所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。答案是D。
[例3] —________the letter________to Mr Black
—No. It's still on the desk.
A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given
[析] 此题是一道问答情景题。问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前，所以正确答案为是D。
[例4] —How long________at this job
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
[析] how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句，从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时，再从意义上看，应该使用被动语态，所以答案应该是B。
[例5] The reason for all the changes being made________to us yet.
A. as not explained B. has not been explained
C. didn't explain D. were not explained
[析] the reason 是主语中心词，它和谓语explain之间是被动关系；题干的意思是：还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由。应该是现在完成时的被动式的否定式。答案是B。
[例6] Great changes________in my hometown and a lot of factories________.
A. have been taken place；are being set up
B. have taken place；have been set up
C. are taken place；had been set up
D. had taken place；will be set up
[析] take place 是不及物动词词组，因此没有被动语态；而factories和set up之间是被动关系；根据题干上下文可以看出，都应该是现在完成时，所以答案是B。
强化练习题
I 单项选择
1. My brother and I have _______ her birthday party.
for invited for to invited to
2. More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
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