现在完成时态
have finished my homework now.
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I have lived here since 1990.
2. 现在完成时的构成 have has+过去分词
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?
.
否定句 He has not finished the work. 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’ｔ特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
1) 九词语
狰狞的意思①already已经肯定句中或句尾例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经句中例：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不句中例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚句中例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前句尾例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次例：How many times has he been to Beijing?
2) 两词组
have / has gone to去了某地例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
have / has been to去过某地例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
3) 两结构
for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since last year since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.
4) 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5) 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改
法各不相同，举例如下：
重阳节小报①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
例：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days
⑦join→ be in / be a member 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up
marry → be married become → be lose → be lost
7. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live……
②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后
立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave, start, set out, arrive, reach, get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry, put, put on, get up, wake, fall, join, meet, receive, finish,
end, complete, become, come, go, die, open, close, break, give, jump, buy, borrow……
8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It ____________________(rain) for a long time.
2. ________________Mr. Li __________________(live) here since 8 years old?
3. Since Mr. Li came here, he __________________(teach) in this school.
4. It’s the third time that I __________________(see) him this month.
5. Is your mother at home? ------No, she __________________(go) to work.
6. Her mother __________________(become)a doctor in 1970.
She ____________________(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.
7. He _______________(teach) English here since we _____________(see) him 5 years ago.
8. How many times __________________you _______________(be) to Beijing?
------Only once. I __________________(go) there two years ago.
9. I’ve lost my cat. __________________you ever __________________(see) it anywher e?
10. My parents are not at home. They __________________(leave) for Shanghai.
11. Wait here, please. The train ___________________(not arrive) yet.
12. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping ___________________(take) it away.
13. I ___________________(lose) my pen, and I ___________________(look)for it now.
14. I ___________________(not see) such a strange thing before.
15. He joined the Party in 1990. He ___________________(be) a party member for 10 years.
16. How long ____________Uncle Wang ____________(work) in this factory? ------Since 1995.
17. So far the children ___________________(learn) 1,000 English words.
18. _____________you ______________(mend) your bike? ------Yes. I mended it a moment ago.
19. I’ll tell him the news that o ur class __________________(win) already.
20. She __________________(stay) here for over 5 years.
21. The box is empty. Who _________________(eat) all the cakes?
22. He has found his bike .When _________________he __________________(find) it?
23. Her sister ________________ (go) to Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) this morning.
24. My friend Wang Hai often ____________________ (swim) in the river.
25. The teacher ____________________ (reach) Beijing two days ago.
二、每处划线中有错误，在题后改正
1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.
2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.
3. I have gone to Beijing three times.
been to Beijing. He went there this morning.
4. Jim isn’t here. He has
5. She has lived there since 8 years.
6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?
7. I lived here since 3 months ago.
8. Have you finished the work yet? ------Yes, I did.
9. Jim’s brothers has made many kinds of kites.
10. He has taked the books away.
三、按要求句型转换
Kate has already finished the homework.
否定句：_______________________________________________
一般疑问句：______________________________________________
两回答：__________________________________________________
特殊疑问句：_______________________________________________
四、单项选择。
( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew
B. have known
C. must know
D. will know
( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already
B. never
C. ever
D. still
( )3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
A. just
B. ago
C. before
D. a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing
B. was writing
C. wrote
D. has written
( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well
B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better
D. changed ; better
( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying
B. will ; study
怎么注册支付宝C. has ; studied
D. are ; studying
( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
形容难过的四字词语D. knew
( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see
B. have seen
通经络C. saw
D. see
( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go
B. did they go
C. do they go
D. have they gone ( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished
B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished
D. will ; do ; finish
( )11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in
( )12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made
( )13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived
( )14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A. has gone
B. went
C. will go
D. has been
( ) 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they ( )19、 has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrive ( ) 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一
直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下
文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一
时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又
有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在
于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它
不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。生而为欲h
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
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