英语中的45种修辞
(1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.

(2)anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science? 数学课后反思

(3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants。
▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.

(4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight。
▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.

(5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.

(6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语,比如例句中的without warning。&
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▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning.

(7)antithesis(对偶):两个或多个句子,结构相同,但含义相反,或者含义形成对比,
比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。
▲ Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.

(8)aporia(假装疑问):假装表示疑问,做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子,比如例句的最后部分。
2021牛年有趣灯谜▲ Then the steward said within himself, ’What shall I do?’

(9)aposiopesis(中断):突然中断一个句子,以表示恐惧、兴奋等感情,比如例句在I saw后面中断。
▲ The first thing I saw -- But I dare not describe the dreadful sight.

(10)apostrophe(顿呼):在叙述过程中,突然对不在场的第三人(或拟人化的抽象事物)的称呼,比如例句中的O you gods。
▲ Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him.


(11)archaism(拟古):使用古体单词,或者已废弃单词,比如例句中的sate(sit的古体过去式和过去分词)。
▲ Pipit sate upright in her chair, some distance from where I was sitting.

(12)assonance(协音):重复某个发音相同或相似的音节,比如例句中的Thy/thy和-dom/done。
▲ Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.

(13)asyndeton(连接词省略):省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接词,比如例句省略了两个连接词and。
▲ But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.

(14)brachylogy(省略):省略一个不太重要
挺进老师嫩嫩的身体
、读者通常可以猜出的单词或短语,比如例句省略了out后面的of。
▲ He looked out the window.

(15)cacophony(杂音):使用一组发音不和谐的单词,以便让人听着不舒服,比如例句中的一组单词。
▲ We want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.

(16)catachresis(生硬比喻)凉调苦瓜:用不准确的单词进行不准确的比喻,比如例句中的thirsty ear。
several什么意思▲ I listen vainly, but with thirsty ear.

(17)chiasmus(交错配列):两个对应部分没有按照a-b-a-b顺序排列,而是按照a-b-b-a顺序排列,比如例句中的(often) (in my thoughts) and (in my prayers) (always)。
▲ Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.

(18)教案本climax(渐强):重新排列单词、短语或从句,以便让整个句子具有语气逐渐增强的效果,比如例句最后部分and not to yield是整句的高潮。
▲ One equal temper of heroic hearts, made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

(19)euphemism(委婉):用礼貌、非冒犯性的表达,代替不礼貌、冒犯性的表达,比如例句中的passed away和went to be with the Lord。
▲ Charles Shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the Lord on April 22, 2004, from natural causes.

(20)hendiadys(重言):用and连接两个名词,以代替一个形容词和一个名词,比如例句中的voice and supplication,代替supplicatory voice。
▲ I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice and supplication.

(21)hypallage(换置):交换两个单词的位置,交换之后的句子符合语法,但不一定符合逻辑,比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。