辨析die from, die of, die for, die off和die out 等
die out 绝种,死光
die of 意为 “因……而死”（原因多来自内部如情感、冻饿、生病等），其后跟hunger，cold, illness, old age, a fever, heat等名词,
die from 意为“由于……而死”(外因)（原因常来自外部创伤、交通事故），其后常跟wound， accident, over work, carelessness, drinking 等名词。
die for: 为某种目的而献身、牺牲
还有，一个die off 是逐渐死去
eg:Many of them died of starvation.
The soldier died from a wound in the breast.
Lots of them died for the cause of liberation.
The flowers are dying off because there has been no rain.
die of 意为 “因……而死”（原因多来自内部如情感、冻饿、生病等），其后跟hunger，cold, illness, old age, a fever, heat等名词,
die from 意为“由于……而死”(外因)（原因常来自外部创伤、交通事故），其后常跟wound， accident, over work, carelessness, drinking 等名词。
die for: 为某种目的而献身、牺牲
还有，一个die off 是逐渐死去
eg:Many of them died of starvation.
The soldier died from a wound in the breast.
Lots of them died for the cause of liberation.
The flowers are dying off because there has been no rain.
而Many people died of hunger before liberation． 解放前许多人因饥饿死去。
The old man died from a traffic accident．那位老人死于交通事故。
The old man died from a traffic accident．那位老人死于交通事故。
die from, die of, die with, die by
1. die from 表示死于（）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等。如：
The engineer died from overwork.
这个工程师死于操劳过度。
The child died from weakness.
这个孩子因体质太虚弱而死了。
2. die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老等；死于忧愁，失恋等精神因素。如：
The man died of lung-cancer(肺癌)。
这个人死于肺癌。
The beggar died of hunger and cold.
这个乞丐死于饥饿和寒冷。
3. die with 表示死于某种精神因素。(也可用 die of)如：
The old woman died with anger (horror).
这个老妇人震怒致死。（惊恐致死）
She died with grief (deep sorrow).
The engineer died from overwork.
这个工程师死于操劳过度。
The child died from weakness.
这个孩子因体质太虚弱而死了。
2. die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老等；死于忧愁，失恋等精神因素。如：
The man died of lung-cancer(肺癌)。
这个人死于肺癌。
The beggar died of hunger and cold.
这个乞丐死于饥饿和寒冷。
3. die with 表示死于某种精神因素。(也可用 die of)如：
The old woman died with anger (horror).
这个老妇人震怒致死。（惊恐致死）
She died with grief (deep sorrow).
她悲伤致死。徐州中考试题
4. die by 表示死于暴力等。如：
The young girl died by her own hand.
这个年轻的女孩自杀而死。
The young girl died by her own hand.
这个年轻的女孩自杀而死。
练习：1. He died _____ the traffic accident last week.
A. of B. from C. with
2. This old man died _____ solitude, because his son deserted(抛弃) him.
A. by B. from C. of
A. of B. from C. with
2. This old man died _____ solitude, because his son deserted(抛弃) him.
A. by B. from C. of
Key: B C
dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead 是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用，多用作表语。
The tree has been dead for ten years. 这棵树死了有十年了。
(1) dead 是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用，多用作表语。
The tree has been dead for ten years. 这棵树死了有十年了。
The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。
(2) die (过去式和过去分词 died)是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。
My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer. 老人死于癌症。
(3) death 是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等，一般作主语或宾语。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us. 他的死是我们的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是 die 的现在分词，用作形容词，意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”，作定语或表语。
The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying. 可怜的狗没有食物，快要饿死了。
(2) die (过去式和过去分词 died)是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。
My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer. 老人死于癌症。
(3) death 是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等，一般作主语或宾语。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us. 他的死是我们的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是 die 的现在分词，用作形容词，意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”，作定语或表语。
The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying. 可怜的狗没有食物，快要饿死了。
1. keep doing/ keep on doing
(1) keep doing 指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。
It kept blowing for a whole day. 刮了一整天风了。
(1) keep doing 指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。
It kept blowing for a whole day. 刮了一整天风了。
The temperature keeps dropping. 温度持续下降。
(2) keep on doing 是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。关于中国梦的资料
They have kept on writing to each other for many years. 他们已经互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on talking. 喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。
2. seem/ look
(1) seem 一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来……”。
The baby seems to be happy. 婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
He seemed to be sorry for that. 他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem 能与 to do 结构连用，而 look 不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work. 他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在 it 作形式主语的句型中只能用 seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now. 他现在看起来很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious. 在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look 用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象
(2) keep on doing 是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。关于中国梦的资料
They have kept on writing to each other for many years. 他们已经互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on talking. 喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。
2. seem/ look
(1) seem 一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来……”。
The baby seems to be happy. 婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
He seemed to be sorry for that. 他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem 能与 to do 结构连用，而 look 不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work. 他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在 it 作形式主语的句型中只能用 seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now. 他现在看起来很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious. 在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look 用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象
为依据的。
The room looks clean. 这间房看起来很干净。
The girl looks like her mother. 那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。
The room looks clean. 这间房看起来很干净。
The girl looks like her mother. 那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。
3. such/ so
(1) such 常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。
Don't be such a fool. 别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy. 他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(2) so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。
He is so kind! 他真好心！
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？
当名词前有 many, much, few, little 等表示多、少时，应该用 so。
He has so many friends. 他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间！
4. either/ too/ also
(1) either 用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。
(1) such 常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。
Don't be such a fool. 别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy. 他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(2) so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。
He is so kind! 他真好心！
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚？
当名词前有 many, much, few, little 等表示多、少时，应该用 so。
He has so many friends. 他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间！
4. either/ too/ also
(1) either 用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, I'm not, either. 她不是日本人，我也不是。
My sister doesn't like this song, either. 我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2) too 常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。
He likes China, too. 他也喜欢中国。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗？
(3) also 也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。
We are also students. 我们也是学生。
He also went there on foot. 他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？
5. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用 whether 而非 if：
(1) 与 or not 连用时，只能用 whether。
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
My sister doesn't like this song, either. 我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2) too 常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。
He likes China, too. 他也喜欢中国。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗？
(3) also 也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。
We are also students. 我们也是学生。
He also went there on foot. 他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗？
5. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用 whether 而非 if：
(1) 与 or not 连用时，只能用 whether。
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
(2) 后接动词不定式时，只能用 whether.
Adam didn't know whether to go or stay. 亚当不知道是走还是留。
He hasn't decided whether to have dinner with me. 他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。
(3) 所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用 whether.
外表美 Whether it will rain or snow, we don't mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didn't want to know. 我是赢是输她不想知道。
(4) 引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用 whether.
The most important was whether they had gone. 最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret. 他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if 能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而 whether 没有此用法。
We'll have a football match if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我们要进行足球赛。
I'll tell him if I sees him. 我看见他就告诉他。
If you're in danger, please call 110. 如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。
6. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
Adam didn't know whether to go or stay. 亚当不知道是走还是留。
He hasn't decided whether to have dinner with me. 他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。
(3) 所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用 whether.
外表美 Whether it will rain or snow, we don't mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didn't want to know. 我是赢是输她不想知道。
(4) 引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用 whether.
The most important was whether they had gone. 最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret. 他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if 能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而 whether 没有此用法。
We'll have a football match if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我们要进行足球赛。
I'll tell him if I sees him. 我看见他就告诉他。
If you're in danger, please call 110. 如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。
6. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost 一般用某物来做主语，表示“(某物)值……、花费……”，既能指花费时间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan. 这辆新自行车花了我三百元。商标法全文
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。
What's the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱？
They succeeded at the cost of hard work. 他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend 一般用某人来作主语，表示“(某人)花费……，付出……”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与
in 搭配，指金钱时常与 on 或 for 搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine. 我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month. 李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay 用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与 for 搭配
使用。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan. 这辆新自行车花了我三百元。商标法全文
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。
What's the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱？
They succeeded at the cost of hard work. 他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend 一般用某人来作主语，表示“(某人)花费……，付出……”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与
in 搭配，指金钱时常与 on 或 for 搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine. 我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month. 李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay 用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与 for 搭配
使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets. 他们花了七十元买票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling. 他穷得交不起学费。
pay 还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。
It's hard for me to live with such low pay. 我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4) take 也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语 it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久？
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
7. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级 worse 和最高级 worst。
(1) bad 是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。
I don't think he is a bad person. 我并不认为他是一个坏人。
I had a bad headache. 我的头疼得很厉害。whether是什么意思
(2) badly 是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling. 他穷得交不起学费。
pay 还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。
It's hard for me to live with such low pay. 我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4) take 也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语 it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久？
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
7. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级 worse 和最高级 worst。
(1) bad 是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。
I don't think he is a bad person. 我并不认为他是一个坏人。
I had a bad headache. 我的头疼得很厉害。whether是什么意思
(2) badly 是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。
We need help badly. 我们急需帮助。
His arm was badly hurt. 他的胳膊严重受伤了。
His arm was badly hurt. 他的胳膊严重受伤了。
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