英语语法名词性从句知识点总结
名词性从句即指性质相当于名词的从句,是英语语法中⽐较难的从句。以下是由店铺整理关于英语语法名词性从句知识点的内容,希望⼤家喜欢!
英语语法名词性从句知识点(⼀)
当名词后⾯所接的从句表⽰与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。如: The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加⼊了世界贸易组织这⼀消息使我们⼤家兴奋不已。
He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这⼀真相。
同位语中应注意:
1. ⾼中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如:
Hw sent us a message that he won’t come next week. 他送信来告诉我们说,下周他不来了。
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫⽆疑问,它适合这⼀⼯作。
2. 表⽰“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语,须⽤虚拟语⽓。如:
He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努⼒学习考上⼤学这⼀愿望。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了,所有的⼈不得违犯制度。
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句形相似⽽实质不同,具体表现在以下⼏个⽅⾯:
(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前⾯⼀般是数量有限的、表⽰抽象意义的名词;⽽定语从句的先⾏词是⽆数的指⼈或物名词。
(2)从句的作⽤不同。同位语从句表⽰同位名词的具体内容;⽽定语从句是对先⾏词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。
(3)引导词的作⽤不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不担任任何成分,但不能省略;⽽引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中担任句⼦的某种成分,当担任定语从句中的宾语时,that可以省略。
(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能⽤what, how, whether引导;⽽同位从句可以⽤what, how, whether引导
(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的⽅法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;⽽定语从句不能充当先⾏词的表语。
英语语法名词性从句知识点(⼆)
当⼀个⼦句充当句⼦的表语时,这个⼦句就叫做表语从句。如:
My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩⼦们英语。
My hope is that he will keep it a secret for ever. 我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。
表语从句中应注意:
1. 连接词that⼀般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略。如:
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是⾛到⾝边去感谢他。
诗歌自创 2. 当句⼦的主语是:advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时,表语从句须⽤虚拟语⽓,即:should +do。如:
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。
英语语法名词性从句知识点(三)
⽤来作主语的句⼦叫做主语从句。如:
(1)When he was born is unknown. 他⽣于何时还不知道。
(2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上⼲了些什么正在调查之中。
在主语从句中须注意:
1. 主语从句⼀般⽤it作形式主语,放在句⾸,⽽将主语从句放到句末。如:
(1)It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了⼩车。
(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过,难道不奇怪吗?
2. if引导主语从句时,只能⽤it作形式主语,放在句⾸,⽽将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如:
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。
3. that引导主语从句放在句⾸时,that不可省,但在句末⼝语中可省。如:
That he was ill yesterday is known now. ⼤家都已知道他昨天⽣了病。
4. 连接代词引导主语从句只能放在句⾸。如;
(1)Who has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。
(2)What he wants is all here. 他所要的东西都在这⾥。
5. 主语从句中主句的谓语动词⼀般⽤第三⼈称单数形式,但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句⼦的意思来判断。如
(1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出来的还是⼀个秘密
(2)What they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在⼯⼚⾥所做的东西就是电视机。
英语语法名词性从句知识点(四)
⼀、概说
名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从⾼考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,⽽同位语从句则很少考查。
⼆、名词性从句的⼀般引导词
1. 连接词 that 引导名词性从句时,只起连接作⽤,没有任何意思,也不充当句⼦成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:
I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2. 连接词 whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句⼦成分,但有⾃⼰的意思,表⽰“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如:策扶老以流憩
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看⼀看。(引导主语从句,不能⽤ if 代替 whether)
3. 连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 等引导名词性从句时,均有各⾃的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:
That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪⼀个。
4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导名词性从句,也各⾃有⾃⼰的意义,在从句中作状语。
如:
whether是什么意思
The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执⾏这个计划。
When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很⼤程度上要看天⽓。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是⼀个谜。
三、名词性从句的重要引导词
1. what ⽤于引导名词性从句是⼀个⼗分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不⽤于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:⼀是表⽰“什么”,带有疑问意味;⼆是表⽰“…所…的”,相当于⼀个先⾏词后接⼀个关系代词。如:
I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。
I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。
感冒嗓子疼吃什么好 2. what 引导名词性从句时可⽤作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:
I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把⾝边带有的钱全给了我。
太阳与人 注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:
What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。
We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们⼒所能及的帮助。
3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的⼀切事或东西”、“任何…的⼈”、““…的任可⼈或物”等。如:
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何⼈要这书都可拿去。
I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
注意以下受汉语意思影响⽽弄错的句⼦:
误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.
正:Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.
另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“⽆论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如:
Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发⽣什么情况,你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who) 注:whoever 引导名词性从句时既⽤作主格也⽤作宾语;作宾语时不宜⽤ whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已⼏乎废弃不⽤。
4. why 与 because 的⽤法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因。如:
拔苗助长续写 I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了,因此我没来。
I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。
五、名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中⽤法的影响⽽误⽤疑问句词序。如:
Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭?
I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。
六、名词性从句的时态问题
1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是⼀个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须⽤某种过去时态。如:
She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。
I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意
2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表⽰将来意义时,要直接使⽤将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表⽰将来意义时,则必须⽤⼀般现在时表⽰将来意义。如:
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你。
句中第⼀个when 引导的是宾语从句,故⽤将来时态表⽰将来意义;第⼆个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故⽤⼀般现在时表⽰将来意义。
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