(一)宾语:放在实意动词之后的词,即为宾语。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
I like my teacher.(名词作宾语)山西省对口升学
I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语)
I decide to study hard.(不定式作宾语)
I know him .(代词作宾语)
(二)宾语从句:
we know yaoming.
he          a famous
哪些句子可以做宾语?
1.  陈述句    he is a famous basketball player
2.  一般疑问句 will our teachers attend the meeting ?
3.  特殊疑问句which coat did you want?
1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that 引导,因为that 在从
句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports  meeting
(注:在主句为动词be 加某些形容词(如sorry, sure, afraid, glad 等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that
的从句也可算是宾语从句
❖ I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
❖ We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam)
2. 一般疑问句做宾语
宾语从句必须用陈述句语序:陈述语序即:主语+谓语/主语+系动词
由:由if或whether(or not )引导一般疑问句的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
注:注意一下情况只用whether,不用if
1. whether引导的从句常可以与or not直接连用。如:Let me know whether you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如:Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
3特殊疑问句作宾语4宾语从句时态问题:宾语从句的时态受主句时态控制
1.当主句是一般现在时,从句任何时态都可以。根据想表达的使用。
2.当主句是一般过去式,从句用相应的过去式。
3.当主句是过去时,从句时客观事实时,从句时态用一般现在时。
练习:将下列句子改成陈述句语序:
whether是什么意思
1.Is there a bank near here?
2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?
3.Are they doing homework?
4.Does she work in a hospital?
5.Did you go to Center Park?
6.Do we have to wear a uniform?
宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构eg:he gave me a book,类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫宾语)
宾语从句(object clauses)用法
宾语从句的连接词:
结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述语序)
【注意:1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3~时态:A.主句---现在时从句---任一时态】
1.、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和疑问词(what,how,where,when ...)。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,
if和whether, not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
He told me (that )he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
最新法定退休年龄I don’t know if/wh ether there will be a bus any more.
我不知道这里是否会继续有公交车了
(二)关联代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。
Do you know who has won Battlefield3 game?
你知道是谁赢得了战地3的游戏么?
赴宴者
(三)关联副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
注:宾语从句通常跟在动词后面。
动宾从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect (that )they will win,for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us (that)they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out (that)all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .
我认为我们每天多喝饮料是有必要的.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it(双宾语)
这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,
mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.?
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替He will have it that our plan is really practical.?
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
介宾从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句:
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州20号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
形容+宾从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句,例如;
1.1. I am sorry I am late.
2.I am glad that you can join us.
3.Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
劲爆歌曲
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
if与whether
i just made love①if和whether在作“是否”理解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:I can’t de cide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
⑤一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if
不省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that