中考英语语法复习:三大从句
三大从句
whether是什么意思一、知识要点
1.宾语从句:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,知识点有三个:引导词、语序和时态。
引导词有三种:①that;②whether/ if;③特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。
He said that he could help me.他说他能够帮助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin?
你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗?
①以that引导的宾语从句:
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗?
He said (that) he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。
②以whether或if引导的宾语从句:
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意思是“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。注意:
英雄黄骅
以下情况一般只用whether不用if。
①接带to的动词不定式。
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.她不知道是不是去动物园。
②与or not连用时。
酣畅
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准。
③含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句:
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how,why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门?He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
注意:简单玫瑰花的折法
what引导宾语从句时有两种含义,一是“什么”,一是“……的东西/事情等”。
In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。(……的事情)
Can you tell me what we can do for you?请问我们能为你做点什么?(什么)宾语从句的三个注意事项:
①语序:由whether/ if和疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序,原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。
把这两个简单句合成一个复合句:
Where does your father work? Can you tell us?─→
Can you tell us where your father works?你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗?Did you get home very late? He asked me.─→
He asked me if I got home very late.他问我是否到家很晚。
②时态对应:如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
My teacher says he will be back in a week.我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。(一般将来时)
My teacher says he is watching TV.我的老师说他正在看电视。(现在进行时)My teacher says he has seen the movie.我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。(现在完成时)
如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
My father said he was watching TV at that time.我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。欧阳询代表作
(过去进行时)
My father said the he had already seen the movie.我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。(过去完成时)
如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时,用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。(一般现在时)
一辈子只爱你
③否定转移:
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等,从句的否定一般要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句与从句一致。
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟。I don’t believe he did this, did he?我相信他不会做这样的事,他会吗?
2.定语从句
关系词词形
who
whom
关系代词which
that
whose
when
关系副词where
why所修饰的先行
人、物
人、物
时间名词
地点名词
原因名词在从句中所作的成分
主语、宾语、表语
宾语
主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语
定语
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
用作定语的从句叫定语从句,一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面,这个名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。
①选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键:看所修饰的是人还是物;看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。
Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me?
你认识卖给我鸡蛋的那个人吗?(所修饰的词是“the man”,在从句中作主语,用who/that)
Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now.
你爸爸不在刚才到达的火车上。(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作主语)This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
这正是你要的书。(先行词是物,用which/that,在从句中作宾语,可省)Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?
你认识父亲是医生的那个男孩儿吗?(先行词是人,whose代表“男孩的”,在从句中作定语)
You can go home where you can have a rest.
你可以回到你能休息的家中。(先行词是地点,where相当于at home,在从句中作地点状语)
Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day?
你还记得我们经常挨饿的那一年吗?(先行词是时间,when相当于in the year,在从句中作时间状语)
Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party?
你知道他没有参加我们聚会的原因吗?
(先行词是原因,why相当于for the reason,在从句中作原因状语)
②引导词作宾语时可以省略。
Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday?你看到了我昨天给你的那本书了吗?