语法专题十三、复合句之宾语从句（必考）
宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以做谓语动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语。
1.宾语从句的时态
主句是现在时，从句的时态根据实际需要，该用什么时态用什么时态 | He says he won’t be late again. 他说他再也不会迟到。 |
主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态 | 未来的反义词He said he would come on time tomorrow.他说他明天会按时到。 |
如果宾语从句是客观事实或真理、定理、法则等，即使主句用过去时，从句也用一般现在时。 | Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the earth. 我们老师告诉我们月亮围绕地球转。 |
宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。
【典例】Mr. Jackson hasn’t decided ________ this weekend.
A. where he will have a picnic B. where will he have a picnic.
C. where he had a picnic D. where did he have a picnic
3.宾语从句的whether是什么意思引导词
（1）宾语从句是陈述句时用that，that可省略。
I hear (that) he will be back in a month.我听说他一个月以后回来。
（2）当从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导，(只能用whether 不能用if的情况见下面)，句末标点取决于主句。
I don’t know if/ whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
Do you know if he will come tomorrow? 你知道明天他是否会来吗？
（3）当从句是特殊疑问句时用who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, how, why, how often, how long, how soon等特殊疑问词。句末标点取决于主句。
I didn’t know who could help me.我不知道谁能帮助我。
Can you tell me where I can buy some stamps? 你能告诉我从哪儿买邮票吗？
注意：只能用whether 不能用if的情况
1在动词不定式前只能用whether。例如：I can’t decide whether to stay.
②后有or not 时只能用whether。例如：I want to know whether it’s true or not.
③在介词后，只能用whether。
例如：His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。
例如：Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.
⑤用if发生歧义时，只用whether。
例如：Could you tell me whether you know the answer?
中考语法—宾语从句专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
1. (2019·安徽省池州市·期末考试)—Could you please tell me ______?
—Two months ago.
A. when did you take this photo B. when you took this photo
C. where did you take this photo D. where you took this photo
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——请你告诉我你是什么时候照的这张照片？——两个月前。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故排除A、C王羽尧；根据答语Two months ago可知问的是时间，宾语从句的引导词应是when，故选B。
2. (2022·吉林省长春市·模拟题)—Could you tell me ______"the Father of Rice"?
—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
A. when was Yuan Longping called B. why is Yuan Longping called
C. when Yuan Longping was called D. why Yuan Longping is called
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我袁隆平为什么被称为“水稻之父”？——因为他帮助很多国家种植了更多的水稻。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，要用陈述句语序，选项A和B为疑问句语序，故排除。结合答语Because he helped many countries grow more rice.可知，
宾语从句是询问原因，应用why引导。故选D。
3. (2015·江苏省无锡市·历年真题)Too many people were absent. The chairperson warned that he ______ the meeting if necessary.
A. would cancel B. cancelled C. would start D. started
【答案】A
【解析】句意：太多的人缺席了。主席警告说如果有必要他会取消会议。AB表示取消；CD表示开始。人缺席太多，故有取消的可能。CD错了。主席警告是将要发生的动作，用过去将来时态。故选A。
4. (2023·河北省邯郸市·期末考试)My cousin will drive me to school today, but I don't know ______.
A. what he'll do B. where he'll go
C. when we'll leave D. why we'll go there
【答案】C
【解析】根据上句My cousin will drive me to school today可知：我表哥今天开车送我去学校。这句话明确了今天做什么事情，下文but I don' A项意思为"他将做什么"，前后矛盾，排除答案A；上句明确"去学校"，B项意思为"他将去哪里"，前后矛盾，排除答案B，选项D意思为"我们为什么去那儿"，没有提到原因，排除答案D，结合句意：我表哥今天开车送我去学校，但我不知道我们什么时候出发。故选C。
5. (2023·四川省达州市·期末考试)—Could you tell me at the meeting？
—Sorry, I didn't go to the meeting.
A. what he said B. what did he say
C. what he says D. what does he say
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——请你告诉我会议上他说了什么好吗？——抱歉，我没开会。本题考查
宾语从句的用法，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B、D，会议上所说的应该用一般过去时，故选A。
6. (2014·江苏省扬州市·历年真题)—Could you tell me ______?
—In August, 2014.
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
团员自我评价【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我青年奥林匹克运动会会在什么时候举行吗？——2014年8月。宾语从句的语序应该是陈述语序，排除A、B。根据回答可知问的是时间，所以用疑问词when。where问地点。综上分析，故选D。
7. (2015·山东省淄博市·历年真题)—Excuse me, can you tell me ______?
—Sorry, I'm a stranger here.
A. where is the post office B. where the post office is
C. how can I get to the post office离职图片 D. where can I find the post office
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——打扰了，你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？——对不起，我对这里不熟。设空处考查宾语从句，从句中用陈述句语序，选项ACD都是疑问语序，所以排除。故选B。
8. (2015·贵州省安顺市·历年真题)-Excuse me，can you tell me ？
-At about 8 o'clock．
A. what time the plane arrive in Beijing
B. what time the plane will arrive Beijing
C. what time the plane will reach Beijing
D. what time will the plane get to Beijing
【答案】C
积的变化规律教学反思【解析】翻译：--打扰一下，你能告诉我飞机将在几点到达北京吗？--大约八点．
连接词后必须紧跟宾语从句的主语，所以排除D；arrive后接地点必须加介词，排除B；A选项the plane后arrive没有变形，所以排除A，故选C。
9. (2015·四川省资阳市·历年真题)—Excuse me, madam. Could you please tell me ______ the bus arrives?
—Sure. At 9: 00.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——打扰了，女士。你可以告诉我公车什么时候到吗？——当然了。九点。分析句子结构可知，此处考查宾语从句的引导词。根据答语At 9: 00.可知，问句询问的是时间，所以用when引导。故选B。
10. (2016·山东省滨州市·历年真题)—What did your father say to you just now?
—He asked me _______.
A. that I would like to see a movie
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