六、 介 词
(一) 知识概要
介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。
about 大约在……时间 about five o'clock 在周围，大约多远 about five kilometres 关于、涉及
talk about you
above 高出某一平面
above sea level
across 横过 walk across the street对面 across the street
after 在……之后
after supper
跟……后面
one after another
追赶
run after you
against 背靠逆风
against the wall, against the wind
反对
be against you
文恬武嬉
among 三者以上的中间
among the trees
at 在某时刻
at ten
在小地点
at the school gate
表示速度
at high speed
向着，对着
at me
before 在……之前
before lunch
位于……之前
sit before me
behind 位于……之后
behind the tree
below 低于……水平
below zero
不合格
below the standard
by 到……时刻，在……时刻之前
by five o'clock
hmm怎么读紧挨着
site by site
乘坐交通工具 by air, by bick 被由
was made by us
during 在……期间during the holidays
for 延续多长时间
for five years
向……去
leave for Shanghai 为了，对于
be good for you
from 从某时到……某时 from morning till night 来自何方
from New York
由某原料制成be made from
来自何处
where are you from
in 在年、月、周较长时间内 in a week 在里面
in the room
用某种语言 in English 穿着
in red
into 进入……里面
walk into
除 分
divide into
变动
turn into water
画皮观后感near 接近某时 near five years 在……附近 near the park
of 用某种原料制成 治安形势分析报告
be made of
属于……性质
a map of U. S .A
on 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在……上面
on the desk 靠吃……为生live on rice 关于 a book on Physics
over 渡过一整段时间 work over night 在上方
over the desk
超过， 高于 over five pairs
past 超过某一时刻
ten past five
经过某地
walk past the park
since 从某时以来
since 1980
原因
Since you were ill
through 经过某一时期 through his life 通过、穿过某地
through the forest
till until 直到某时为止 till five o'clock
to 差多少时间
five to ten
问，到，去往
to Shanghai
面对面
face to face
给予give a book to me
under 在……下面
under the desk
少于
under ten
在……管制之 下 under the rule
with 用某种工具 with a pen 带着，具有
with me
without 没有
without air
(二) 正误辨析
［误］ We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.
［正］ We got to the top of the mountain at day break.
［析］ at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。
［误］ Don't sleep at daytime
［正］ Don't sleep in daytime.
［析］ in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。
［误］ We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.
［正］ We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
［析］ in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th
［误］ He became a writter at his twenties
［正］ He became a writter in his twenties
［析］ 这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。
［误］ He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.
［正］ He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.
［析］ 在具体年岁前用at, 如：背着步回明朝at the age of 12， at your age， 等等。
［误］ We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
［正］ We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.
［析］ 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Year's Day
［误］ I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.
［正］ I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.
［析］ 在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。
［误］ I haven't see you during the summer holidays.
出勤情况［正］ I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.
［析］ during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：It rained through the night. 而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。
［误］ At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［正］ On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［析］ On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。
又如：on hearing… 一听见， on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
［误］ In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［正］ At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［析］ at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end＝at last是指"最终，终于"之意。
［误］ Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［正］ By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［析］ by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.
［误］ He came to London before last weekend.
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