Vol. 23 No. 2
May  ,2021
第23卷第2期2021年05月
五邑大学学报(社会科学版)
Journal  of  Wuyi  University  ( Social  Science  Edition)
《文渊阁四库全书总目》词曲提要考证
—以《安陆集》为例叶凤
(华南师范大学文学院,广东广州510006 )
摘要:《文渊阁四库全书总目》成于众人之手,加之四库馆臣编修时持“清真雅正”之准绳,其评岛偏颇
及讹舛问题在所难免。《安陆集》词条提要在“张先考证与年号之误” “地名与所引佚文考证”“引书讹误与作
晶、文字订正” “引句笺证与《安陆集》之评价”等方面存在年号、引书、引文、文字订正、作品误收等五处
失误。这与当时的风气和主流价值观是有着表里映衬关系的。
关键词:《文渊阁四库全书总目》;词集提要;《安陆集》
中图分类号:G257.3 文献标识码:A  文章编号:1009-1513 ( 2021) 02 - 0044 - 03
四库馆臣在编撰《四库全书》时,为索书的 便捷及“撮述其源流正变,以挈纲领”的初衷, 编撰了《四库全书总目》。然其最完善者要数殿本 《文渊阁四库全书总目》(下简称《总目》),论其 目录学之价值,历来为学界所公认。但该书成于众
手,难免有所讹舛。学界为其纠补错谬的著作也不 少,诸如余嘉锡《四库提要辩证》、胡玉缙《四库
全书总目提要补正》、崔富章《四库提要补正》及
李裕民《四库提要订误》等。本文以《总目》集 部词集《安陆集》为例,从四方面对其考证辩讹, 同时对于今人相关著述纽漏处也考订笺出。
一、张先考证与年号之误
宋张先撰。案仁宗时有两张先,皆字子 野。其一博州人,枢密副使张逊之孙,天圣三
年进士,官至知亳州,卒于宝元二年,欧阳修 为作墓志者是也。
关于张先传,《宋史翼》卷二十六有所记载。 案,张逊传见于《宋史》卷二百六十八,《宋史-
列传第二十七》载:“张逊,博州高唐人。……端 迁盐铁使。二年,授宣徽北院使、签署枢密
院事。未几,兼枢密副使、知院事。”“太宗嘉之,
题西溪无相院
诏以其卒分配州郡。数月,逊卒,年五十六,时至 道元年也。” “子敏中,初补供奉官。……敏中子
先,进士及第。”⑴由此观之,张敏中为张逊之子无
疑。再考《欧阳修诗文集校笺》卷二十七《张子 野墓志铭》云:“吾友张子野既亡之二年,其弟充
以书来请曰'吾兄之丧,将以今年三月某日葬于开 封,不可以不铭,铭之莫如子宜。‘呜呼!予虽不
能铭,然乐道天下之善以传焉,况若吾子野者,非 独其善可铭,又有平生之旧、朋友之恩与其可哀 者,皆宜见于予文,宜其来请与于予也。……子野
之世,曰赠太子太师讳某,曾祖也;宣徽北院使、 枢密副使、累赠尚书令讳逊,皇祖也;尚书比部郎 中讳敏中,皇考也。曾祖妣李氏,陇西郡夫人;祖 妣宋氏,昭应郡夫人,孝章皇后之妹也;妣李氏,
永安县太君。”凶可证,博州张先乃张敏中之子,张 逊乃博州张先之祖父也。且知张先祖籍为博州高唐
(今属山东)也。另,今人夏承寿先生《张子野年 谱》所下结论“逊太宗端拱间为枢密副使,时代 与博州张先相接;惟逊高唐人,知非博州张先之
祖。是北宋同时有三张先也”⑶,此论误也。考
《旧唐书•地理志》卷三十九:“博州上隋武陽郡 之聊城县。武德四年,平窦建德,置博州,领聊
城、武水、堂邑、荏平,仍置莘亭、灵泉、清平、
博平、高唐凡九县”⑷,可证夏先生应误博州与高 唐为两县,不知博州与高唐乃郡县关系。另考《宋 登科记考》卷四载:“张先,字子野。开封府人。 逊孙,充兄。天圣二年登进士第,初授汉阳军司理
收稿曰期:2020 -09-09
作者简介:叶 凤(1991—),女,广东河源人,硕士研究生,主要从事中国文学批评文献研究。
第23卷第2期叶凤:《文渊阁四库全书总目》词曲类提要考证•45•
参军。终知亳州鹿邑县。”⑸可知博州张先乃天圣二年进士,査《宋史•仁宗纪》与《文献通考》卷三,天圣三年并无进士登第之况。由此观之,四库馆臣于登第年号处误“天圣二年”为“天圣三年”也。
《宋更•艺文志》载先诗集二十卷。陈振孙《十咏图跋》称“偶藏子野诗一帙,名
《安陆集》,旧京本也。乡守杨嗣翁见之,因
取刻之郡斋云云。”案此《跋》载周密《齐东
野语》,则陈振孙时其集尚存。
案,周密《齐东野语》卷十五载陈振孙《十咏图跋》云:“本朝有两张先,皆字子野。其一博州人,天圣三年进士,欧阳公为作墓志;其一天圣八年进士,则吾州人也。二人名姓字偶皆同,而又适同时,不可不知也。且赋诗云:'平生闻说张三影,十咏谁知有乃翁。逢世升平百年久,与龄耆艾一家同。名贤叙述文章好,胜事流传绘素工,遐想盛时生恨晚,恍如身在画图中。'南园故址在今南门内,牟存叟端平所居是也。其地尚为张氏物,先君为经营得之,存叟大喜,亦常赋五绝句,其一云:'买家喜傍水晶宫,正是南园故址中。我欲筑堂名六老,追还庆历太平风。'盖纪实也。余家又偶藏子野诗一帙,名《安陆集》,旧京本也。乡守杨嗣翁见之,因取刻之郡斋。适二事皆出余家,似与子野父子有缘耳。考《全宋画集》
《张先十咏图》所附陈振孙跋语:“本朝有两张先,皆字子野。其一博州人,天圣二年进士,欧阳公为作墓志;其一天圣八年进士,则吾州人也。二人姓名字偶皆同,而又同时,不可不知也,故并记之。余既为明叔书卷后,且为赋诗:'平生闻说张三影,十咏谁知有乃翁。逢世升平百年久,与龄耆艾一家同。名贤序述文章好,胜事流传绘画工。遐想盛时生恨晚,恍如身在此图中。‘庚戌七月五日,直斋老叟书,时年七十有二,后六年从明叔借摹并录余所跋于卷尾而归之,丙辰中秋后三日也”⑺,上文已考博州张先乃天圣二年登进士第,而《齐东野语》抄录时写为“天圣三年进士”,四库馆臣从之,皆误。
二、引书讹误与作品、文字订正
然振孙作《直斋•书录解题》,乃惟载张子野词一卷,而无其诗集,殊不解其何故也。自
明以来,并其词集亦不传,故毛晋刻六十家
词,独不及先。此本乃近时安邑葛鸣阳所辑,
凡诗八首,词六十八首。其编次虽以诗列词
前,而为数无几。今从其多者为主,录之于《词曲类》中。
关于《安陆集》流传情况,周密《齐东野语》卷十五《张氏十咏图》谓藏有“旧京本”,即北宋汴京刻本,
后由杨赞取刻于湖州郡斋。然,方回《瀛奎律髓汇评》卷四十七云:“子野诗集,湖州有之,近亡其本。”⑷可知该本即杨赞刻本,后亡佚。张先之孙张有《复古编》末附张先《安陆集》一卷,清人葛鸣阳辑录《安陆集》所据此本,葛氏刊本又为四库馆臣所用版本。案,《文渊阁四库全书》经部225册收录张有《复古编》十一卷,前载《复古编》原序一文,尾有后序一文,尚未见其附有《安陆集》一卷及葛氏跋语。查《文渊阁四库全书补遗》集部第十五册,《安陆集》葛鸣阳跋语云:“余既刻张谦中《复古编》,考其家世,盖卫侍丞维之曾孙,都官郎中先之孙也。维有《曾乐轩稿》,先有《安陆集》,残阙之余散见他书。先以乐府擅名一时,毛氏《六十家词》初不及先,今搜辑遗佚,得如干首,合其诗为一卷。然因端踵事,实阶于《复古编》也,故并为最木。归安丁小雅杰、海宁沈匏尊心醇、曲阜桂未谷馥、吾乡宋芝山葆淳同与校讎,佐余不逮云。乾隆辛丑二月安邑葛鸣阳跋。”切考《文渊阁四库全书》集部1487册,《安陆集》卷末收入张先诗8首,收录张先词68首,词位于诗之先,且无葛鸣阳跋语。另,《文渊阁四库全书》所用版本误收词四首,即《浣溪沙》(锦帐重重卷暮霞,屏风曲曲斗红牙)与《满庭芳》(红蓼花繁,黄芦叶乱,夜深玉露初零)为秦观词,《浣溪沙》(水满池塘花满枝,乱香深里语黄鹏)为赵令畤词,《菩萨蛮》(哀筝一弄湘江曲,声声写尽湘波绿)为晏几道词。可见,四库馆臣在裒辑张先词时,作品考证上稍显不足。
考《苏轼集》有《题张子野诗集后》曰:“子野诗笔老妙,歌词乃其余技耳。《华州西
溪》诗云'浮萍破处见山影,野艇归时闻草
声。'案《石林诗话》《瀛奎律髓》,“草声”
并误作“棹声”,近时安邑葛氏刊本据《渔隐
丛话》改正,今从之。
案,《苏轼文集》序跋送别文《题张子野诗集后》曰:“张子野诗笔老妙,歌词乃其余技耳。《湖州西溪》云'浮萍破处见山影,小艇归时闻草声。'与余和诗云'愁似鳏鱼知夜永,懒同蝴蝶为
•46•五邑大学学报(社会科学版)2021年
春忙。‘若此之类,皆可以追配古人,而世俗但称其歌词。昔周昉画人物,皆入神品,而世俗但知周昉士女,皆所谓'未见好德如好'者欤?元佑五年四月二十一日。”刚加考《文渊阁四库全书》集部1487册《安陆集》载:“浮萍破处见山影,小艇归时闻草声。”⑴〕此处为“草声”。《瀛奎律髓汇评》卷四十七《西溪无相院》云:“浮萍破处见山影,小艇归时闻棹声。”⑷此处为“棹声”。而叶梦得《石林诗话》却并未见此条,可见四库馆臣误记也。另,《渔隐丛话》前集卷三十七载:“东坡云'子野诗笔老健,歌词乃其余波耳。,《湖州西溪》诗云'浮萍断处见山影,野艇归时闻草声'。”凹査《苏轼文集》序跋送别文《题张子野诗集后》可知,四库馆臣载《渔隐丛话》引自苏轼跋中,文字也存有三处讹误,即“张子野诗笔老健”中的“健”字,苏跋作“妙”字;“歌词乃其余波耳”中的“波”字,苏跋作“技”字;“野艇归时闻草声”中的“野”字,苏跋作“小”字。
三、《安陆集》之评价
与余和诗云'愁似鳏鱼知夜永,懒同蝴蝶为春忙若此之类,皆可以追配古人。
....然轼所举二联,皆涉纖巧。自此二联外,
今所传者惟《吴江》一首稍可观。然“欲图
江不上笔,静觅鸟声深在芦”一联,亦有纖巧之病。平心而论,要为词胜于诗。当时以
“张三澎”得名,殆非无故。轼所题跋,当由好为高论,未可据为定评也。
案,《苏轼文集》碑志祭吊文《祭张子野文》:“子野……庞然老成,又敏且艺,清诗艳俗,甚典而丽,搜研物情,刮发幽翳,微词婉转,盖诗之裔。”《瀛奎律髓汇评》卷四十七《西溪无相院》引查慎行评语曰:“三、四小巧而鲜新”,引纪旳评语曰:“三、四有致,宜为东坡所称,然气象未大,颇近诗余。五句作意而笨”。⑷由此可证,清人因张先诗气象不大、格局颇小而评其诗犯”纤巧”之病,四库馆臣评语中肯。古人向有对所好文人誉过其实的习惯,四库馆臣评苏轼对张先词的评价乃好为高论,不足为定评也。从张先之后,世人对其评论中权衡子野词之得失,确实如此。
四、结语
通过对《安陆集》提要的考证可见,四库馆臣在纂修《四库全书》时对于词曲类的态度正如《提要》所言:“词曲二体在文章技艺之间,厥品頗卑作者弗贵。”问在当时清真雅正风气的引导下,被列入词曲类的存目错误颇多,仅仅张先《安陆集》一则词条提要,其失误达处就达五处之多,其他词曲类相关提要的讹误自然就不足为怪了。诗尊词卑的传统及清朝清真雅正的主流文风,使得宋词在清代的影响力远不及诗文,尤其是四库馆臣裒辑前代词作时,屡见其作品考订不足、作品引用张冠李戴、年号字号错漏百出、甲乙事迹颠三倒四等等情状,这与当时的风气和主流价值观是有着表里映衬关系的。
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[责任编辑文俊]
・93・Keywords:Chen Wude;Chen Zibao;Family origin;Names;Alias;Years of birth and death;Corrections
A Review and Reflection on the Causes for the Flourishii^of the Peking Opera and the Decline of the Kunqu Opera in the Last Hundred Years(by ZENG Fan-an) Abstract:The research on the causes for th
e flourishing of the Peking Opera and the decline of the Kunqu Opera can be roughly di­vided into three consecutive stages with1949and1978as the dividing line.The research results can be generally classified into three viewpoints:the theory of Kunqu's own defects,the theory of the combination of internal and external causes,and the theory of the sud­den rise of the Peking Opera.In order to clarify the real causes,we should not only examine the merits and demerits of the Peking Op­era and Kunqu Opera,but also make a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the cultural ecology and evolution of operas in the early and middle Qing Dynasty from the aspects of the ritual and music system,cultural policy,drama forms and preference of the audi­ences in the Qing dynasty.
Key words:The flourishing of the Peking Opera and the decline of Kunqu Opera;Causes;Reviews;Reflections
Research on Guangdong's Female Ci Poets in the Qing Dynasty(by DENG Miao-ci) Abstract:In the Qing Dynasty,there emerged a number of female ci poets in Guangdong.19women ci poets have been discovered who authored over200ci poems,most of which belonged in the boudoir style.Their creations were dominated by short lyrics though longer ones became increasingly popular.They diversified the expressive function and styles of boudoir poetry and reflected the inherit­ance and breakthrough of the traditional boudoir poetry.The causes for the breakthrough were related to the literary accumulation of t
he previous generations,the general mood of the poetry circles in the Qing Dynasty and the scholarly temperament of the female poets in Guangdong at that time.The literary value of Guangdong*s women ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty lies in that it filled a vacuum,and its cultural significance lies in that it displayed the daily life and communication changes of Guangdong*s women in the Qing Dynasty,and that it even played a role in preserving history.
Key words:Qing Dynasty;Guangdong;Female ci poetry
Textual Research on the Abstracts for the Ci and Qu Category of The Comprehensive Table of Contents of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries(by YE Feng) Abstract:The conpilation of The Comprehensive Table of Contents of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries involved numerous editors who upheld the principle of the pursuit of purity and elegance.Inevitably,there would be biases and errors.The An Lu Collec­tion contains errors in five categories:reign titles,quoted books,quoted texts,text corrections,and works wrongly collected.This was related to the atmosphere and mainstream values of the time.
Keywords:The Comprehenswe Table of Contents of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries;Abstracts for the ci collections;An Lu Collection
Folk and Regional Narratives:An Observation on the Development of Guangdong Poetry in the New Century
(by REN Yan-yan) Abstract:Since the advent of the new century,the poetry circles in Guangdong have been developing freely but orderly,prosperous­ly but calmly,surpassing in exploration and excellent in development atmosphere.Combing through influential phenomena and activi­ties,poetry publications and poetry associations in Guangdong's poetry community reveals the development process of Guangdong poetry in the new century with the folk force as the most prominent feature.Rapid economic development has led to the meteoric rise of of po­ets from ordinary migrant workers;numerous folk poetry groups have become the source of vitality,the exploration and flourishing of po­etry publications represented by Poetry and People have spread the fire of the spirit of Guangdong poetry,and the simultaneous advance­ment of officialdom and the folk poetry in the field of poetry is the main embodiment of its folk characteristics.
Key words:Guangdong poetry;Folk;Workers'poetry;Poetry and People;Regional writing
An Evaluation of the Convenience of Government Services by the Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(by WANG Run-liang) Abstract:In accordance with the three life cycle
stages of enterprise establishment,enterprise operation approval and enterprise change and cancellation,an index system for evaluating government services for businesses is constructed.The correlation analysis method and linear regression analysis method are used to test the independence and significance of the indexes,and the entropy method is used to determine the weight of the indexes.Under each index,2or3items of high frequency are selected as sub indexes and the time limit for completion of procedures,the number of visits to the service site,the number of handling procedures and the number of copies of required information are selected as observation variables in the sub indexes and the corresponding index data of the govern­ment service network of the nine cities in the Pearl River Delta are extracted as the evaluation data,and the utility value method is em­ployed to evaluate the convenience of government service for enterprises in the9cities.
Key words:Government services for businesses;Convenience;Evaluation;Guangdong-Hong Kong一 Macao Greater Bay Area;The PRD City Cluster
Research on the Evaluation of High Quality Development Level of Guangdong,s Manufacturing Industry
(by WU Dong-wu,SHI Yu-pei,YE Yong-bo)