名词性从句知识归纳
e.g. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother. （主语从句）
I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句）
The question is how we can finish it on time. （表语从句）
The fact that some Chinese are still poor is really a great problem. （同位语从句）
名词性从句的连接词：
从句有无疑问含义 | 是否有含义 | 连接词的作用 | ||||||
是否引导从句 | 是否可省略 | 是否充当从句中的成分 | 充当从句中的哪种成分 | |||||
连 接 词 | that | 无 | 无 | 是 | 一般可以 | 否 | 无 | |
if（只用于宾语从句中）, whether | 有 | “是否” | 是 | 否 | 否 | 无 | ||
as if/as though because（只用于表语从句中） | 无 | “好像” “因为” | 是 | 否 | 否 | 无 | ||
what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever | 有 | “什么，谁，哪个，谁的”，“任何事，任何人，任意哪个” | 是 | 否 | 是 | 主语，宾语，表语，定语 | ||
when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever | 有 | “什么时候，地点，为什么，怎样”，“无论什么时候，无论哪里” | 是 | 否 | 是 | 状语 | ||
一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后
e.g. I believe (that) he is honest. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略)
I’m glad that you are satisfied with your job. (that不充当从句内的任何成分)
He doesn’t care if/whether it isn’t a fine day. (if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分)
Please tell me what you want. (what充当从句内的宾语)
She always thinks of how she can work well. (how充当从句内的状语)
I don’t believe whatever he said. (whatever充当从句内的宾语，意为“任何事”)
I’ll take whoever wants to go. (whoever从当从句内的主语，意为“任何人”)
【宾语从句要点拓展】1. that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时，第一个从句中的that可以省略，而第二个分句前的that不可省略。
e.g. He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
2. whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用，但以下情况只能使用whether
(1) whether可与or not连用 e.g. I want to know whether he will see the film or not.
(2) 介词宾语从句要用whether e.g. I don’t care about whether you have money or not.
(3) that引导的宾语从句只能放于in, except, besides和but四个介词后
e.g. The Swede stood still, except that his lips moved slightly.
3. 转移否定---当主句是 I/ We think (believe, consider, expect, suppose, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。
e.g. I don’t suppose (that) it is his fault, is it?
进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。
e.g. I know (that) he didn’t tell you what he would come then.
We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
5. 一种特殊类型的宾语从句---在这种句子里do you think等意为插入语，但实为主句，因此余下部分应用陈述语序
Wh-+do you think/ believe/ consider/ suppose/ guess/ suggest/ feel/ say+余下部分?
e.g. Where do you guess our art festival is to be held?
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
二、主语从句---位于句首，常用it做形式主语
e.g. That he will come and help you is certain. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，不可省略)
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (whether不充当从句内的任何成分，不能用if)
What he wants to tell us is not clear. (what充当从句内的宾语)
Who will win the match is still unknown. (who充当从句内的主语)
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (where充当从句内的状语)
Whatever he said was right. (whatever充当从句内的宾语)
It is known to us how he became a writer. (it为形式主语，代替how引导的主语从句)
【主语从句要点拓展】1. it做形式主语的结构
(1) It’s a pity/ a shame/ an honor/ a fact/ no wonder/ common sense/ good news that… 遗憾的是（荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是，好消息是……）
e.g. It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
(2) It’s clear/ right/ true/ certain/ necessary/ (un) likely/ important/ (im) possible/ obvious/ remarkable that… ……很清楚（正确，必要，重要，可能，值得注意等)
e.g. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
(3) It is well-known/ reported/ recorded/ estimated/ said/ believed that…
众所周知（据报道，据记载，据估计，据说，据人们相信)…
e.g. It is said that his father left him nothing.
(4) It turns out/ seems/ appears/ happens/ matters…) that…
结果是……（似乎是, 碰巧是, 重要的是……）
e.g. It happened (to me) that I had been away when he called.
2. it做形式主语与it is(was)… that…强调句式的区分
e.g. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It is in the morningsuggest的名词 that the murder took place.
解题方法：将it is/was… that 去掉，看余下部分是否完整，若完整即为强调句式；反之为it作形式主语。
三、表语从句---系动词后（常见系动词：be, look, remain, seem, appear等）
e.g. The problem is that they can’t get here early enough.
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker.
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