名词性从句用法归纳(精选多篇)
第一篇:名词性从句用法归纳
名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1、从属连词(5个):
(1)that无词义,在从句中不做成分,在宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略
(2)whether,if 有词义,在从句中不做成分(whether,if均表示“是否”之意,表明从句内容的不确定性)不可以省略
(3)as if, as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”之意)在从句中不做成分
2、连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,有词义,在从句中做成分,不可以省略(who what which 在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what 指代没有范围的事物,which指代有范围的事物,表“选择哪一个”whom做宾语whose 做定语)
3、连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义,在从句中做状语,不可以省略
4、that省略的情况:
(1)定语从句中做宾语
(2)that引导宾语从句时
suggest的名词(3)that引导表语从句时
(4)主语从句中it做形式主语,that从句置于句末时
5、that不可省略的情况:
(1)定语从句中做主语
(2)由that引导主语从句放句首时
(3)that引导同位语从句时
(4)宾语从句中i it做形式宾语,真正的that宾语从句中that不可以省略
ii 一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个句子中的that不可以省略
iii 与动词相隔的宾语从句,不可以省略
iv that引导的宾语从句放在句首时,不可以省略 二.主语从句
1、主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导:
1)从属连词that,whether 等;
2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;
3)连接副词how,when,where,why 等。
2、that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown.It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.注意:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句:It is a fact that 事实是
It is an honour that 非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
It is a pity that 遗憾……
(2)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句:
It is said that 据说
It is reported that 据报道
It has been proved that 已经证明
It is believed that … 人们认为
It is supposed that… 据猜测
(3)It + 不及物动词(vi)+ that 从句:
It seems that 似乎
It happened that 碰巧
It appears that 似乎
(4)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
3、It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
①It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。②it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that引导,被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:
a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型)
d)It is John that broke the window.(强调句型)
4、注意:since, if 不能引导主语从句,但当it做形式主语,主语从句放在句末时,if, whether均可
5、主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?
6、what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:
a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation
三、表语从句
表语从句:在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。可以接表语从句的系动词有be ,look , remain(保持), seem等
常用的还有the reason is that … It is because … It appears/seems that…
It happens that… It turns out that…(结果是...)等结构 由从属连词,连接代词,连接副词引导,其中that常常可以省略 由as if,as though 引导
It looks as if… It seems as if…
why, because 都可以引导表语从句,但why强调结果,because强调理由
当主语为suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand 等这类名词时,表语从句用虚拟语气(should)do if不能引导表语从句
注意:当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
四、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,that不可以省略
由whether引导,不可用if
2、可用于同位语从句的名词有belief、advice、demand、doubt(怀疑)、possibility、though、proposal、case、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.3、在no idea后用wh-疑问词引导
4、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
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